============= >From virtual-request Tue Mar 14 20:38:37 1995 Received: from usc.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id UAA11794; Tue, 14 Mar 1995 20:38:36 -0500 Received: from lipari.usc.edu by usc.edu (4.1/SMI-3.0DEV3-USC+3.1) id AA08627; Tue, 14 Mar 95 17:38:34 PST Received: (requicha@localhost) by lipari.usc.edu (8.6.10/8.6.7+ucs) id RAA07370 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu; Tue, 14 Mar 1995 17:38:33 -0800 Date: Tue, 14 Mar 1995 17:38:33 -0800 From: Aristides Requicha Message-Id: <199503150138.RAA07370@lipari.usc.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Could you guys supply the current definition of virtual manufacturing? For ex, does planning and scheduling have anything to do with it or we are talking just about simulation? Most of my work probably is relevant, depending on how you define it. Look in http://alicudi.usc.edu/ (this machine is going to be upgraded soon, so it may off for a couple of days this week or next) The home page links to publications, short project descriptions, etc. Ari ======================= >From virtual-request Tue Mar 14 22:04:38 1995 Received: from euler.Berkeley.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id WAA11813; Tue, 14 Mar 1995 22:04:37 -0500 Received: by euler.Berkeley.EDU (8.6.10/1.28) id TAA07309; Tue, 14 Mar 1995 19:04:31 -0800 Date: Tue, 14 Mar 1995 19:04:31 -0800 From: aagogino@euler.Berkeley.EDU (Alice Agogino) Message-Id: <199503150304.TAA07309@euler.Berkeley.EDU> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] I'm not sure how you want this info. But my lab's web site has abstracts of our projects - many faling into the categories above. The web site is URL: http://pawn.berkeley.edu/ In addition we have multimedia case studies of integrated engineering, many of them with a focus on design for manufacture. The case studies in full form are available on a CD ROM. But we do have a few of them in html format at URL: http://bishop.berkeley.edu/develop/ regards, ************************************************************ Alice Agogino Director, Synthesis (an NSF Engineering Education Coalition) Professor of Mechanical Engineering 5136 Etcheverry Hall University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 (510) 642-6450 (UCB office) (510) 643-8982 (FAX) aagogino@euler.berkeley.edu http://pawn.berkeley.edu/~aagogino/resume.html ************************************************************ =============================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 04:29:10 1995 Received: from haymarket.ed.ac.uk by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id EAA12077; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 04:29:08 -0500 Received: from castle.ed.ac.uk (castle.ed.ac.uk [129.215.128.23]) by haymarket.ed.ac.uk (8.6.10/8.6.10) with SMTP id JAA28700 for ; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:29:03 GMT Received: from skye-alter.aiai.ed.ac.uk by castle.ed.ac.uk id aa23388; 15 Mar 95 9:26 GMT From: Austin Tate Received: from subnode.aiai.ed.ac.uk (bass) by aiai.ed.ac.uk; Wed, 15 Mar 95 09:25:46 GMT Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:28:31 +0000 Message-Id: <25367.9503150928@subnode.aiai.ed.ac.uk> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: dp@aiai.ed.ac.uk, alm@aiai.ed.ac.uk, hab@aiai.ed.ac.uk, jlf@aiai.ed.ac.uk X-Sun-Charset: US-ASCII Content-Length: 3145 Here is my preliminary input, I will seek comment from people internal to AIAI and provide a revised version if necessary. Best wishes for your study, please provide the URL for the finished results. Prof. Austin Tate, Technical Director Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute University of Edinburgh, 80 South Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1HN, UK E-mail: A.Tate@ed.ac.uk Tel: +44(0)131 650 2732 Fax: +44(0)131 650 6513 _________________________________________________________________________ The Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute at the University of Edinburgh is a non-profit technology institute within the University which works with industry and government agencies worldwide in the followings principal areas: - Process Management - Information Management AIAI has a permanent staff of approximately 25 people organised into three technical groups: - Knowledge-Based Planning and Scheduling - Knowledge-Based Decision Suport - Knowledge Engineering Methods We work with organisations such as the USAF Rome Laboratory, ARPA, US oil majors, Japanese IT companies such as Hitachi and Toshiba, European organisations and companies such as the European Space Agency and British Telecom, and multi-nationals such as IBM, Unilever, etc. Our work is a mixture of joint projects, and technology transfer via training, awareness programs, and publications. We are working in the areas of manufacturing, and enterprise integration technologies which are relevant to virtual and agile manufacturing. Further details of our work can be found via our WWW Home Page http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/ especially in the projects section. The most relevant projects may be: Enterprise, O-Plan and TOSCA, Contributors technologies from AIAI cross-related to your interest areas are: 1. VISUALIZATION: TechWorld and PlanWorld Viewers 2. ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: AIAI`s systems integration architecture as seen in O-Plan, Enterprise, etc. 3. MODELING TECHNOLOGIES: Enterprise and activity ontology work, task modelling, etc. 4. REPRESENTATION: ditto 5. META-MODELING: AUSDA/ASPEN, Enterprise tool descriptions, Enterprise task models. 6. INTEGRATING INFRASTRUCTURE & ARCHITECTURE: AIAI's Systems Integration Architecture and standards components descriptions as in O-Plan, Enterprise, etc. 7. SIMULATION: 8. METHODOLOGY: Use of CommonKADS, TOPKAT Tool, Appoach in Enterprise and O-Plan. 9. INTEGRATION OF LEGACY DATA: In Enterprise. 10. MANUFACTURING CHARACTERIZATION: TOSCA - Hitachi problem characterisation, TOSCA Manufacturing Domain Description Language. 11. VERIFICATION, VALIDATION & MEASUREMENT none. 12. WORKFLOW: O-Plan (and perhaps Enterprise) are based on an intelligent workflow model as the main driver of the system. WE are members of the International Workflow Management Coalition and are inputting our activity ontology work to this and other international initiatives. 13. CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TRADES: Three level (STrategic, Tactical, Operational agent mdoel in O-Plan and TOSCA). =================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 07:21:16 1995 Received: from mailman.nsf.gov by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id HAA12142; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 07:21:15 -0500 From: jpauschk@nsf.gov Received: from xrelay.nsf.gov by mailman.nsf.gov with SMTP id AA13033 (5.65c/IDA-1.4.4 for ); Wed, 15 Mar 1995 07:21:42 -0500 Received: from cc:Mail by xrelay.nsf.gov id AA795280657; Wed, 15 Mar 95 05:04:23 EST Date: Wed, 15 Mar 95 05:04:23 EST Message-Id: <9502157952.AA795280657@xrelay.nsf.gov> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana: If you don't already have it, I can send you the abstracts and contact names for the 57 Technology Reinvestment Project, Manufacturing Education and Training Awards. You can read the abstracts and see if any fit your areas below. I need your full mailing address. Joy Pauschke, Program Director, NSF Engineering Education and Centers Division ===================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 08:11:48 1995 Received: from wimpy1.psu.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA12158; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:11:47 -0500 Received: by wimpy1.psu.edu (5.57/Ultrix3.0-C) id AA29163; Wed, 15 Mar 95 08:19:11 -0500 Message-Id: <9503151319.AA29163@wimpy1.psu.edu> X-Sender: rwysk@wimpy1.psu.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:13:17 -0500 To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: rwysk@wimpy1.psu.edu (Dr. Richard A. Wysk) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] X-Mailer: DANA, REFERENCE; >We are doing a study of Virtual Manufacturing technologies. Our >conclusions will appear in a report to the Air Force Mantech program. >We have the following goals: > >- to assess what research and applications are relevant to key aspects > of virtual manufacturing; > >- to build an internet repository of virtual manufacturing information > on the World-Wide Web; > >- to identify gaps in these research and application efforts, and > present our outlook for the future of virtual manufacturing > technologies. > >If any of your work is relevant to virtual manufacturing, then this is >an invitation to send us information about it, for possible inclusion >on the Web site and in the report. > >At the end of this message is a list of 13 areas that are relevant to >our study. If you are doing work on one of these areas, please send >email to the following address, before the end of March: RATHER THAN RESPOND IN THE TYPICAL MANNER, I THOUGHT THAT I WOULD FORWARD TO YOU OUR HOME PAGE ADDRESS FOR A PROJECT THAT NSF HAS HELPED SUPPORT. OUR PROJECT APPEARS TO HAVE MANY OF THE SAME OBJECTIVES AS YOUR MESSAGE PROVIDES. OUR HOME PAGE ADDRESS IS http://tamcam.tamu.edu/rapidcim.html THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY THAT YOU SHOULD LOOK INTO ON THE RapidCIM HOME PAGE IS A PROJECT CALLED "MODELWORLD". I THINK THAT WE SHOULD COLLABORATE IN SOME WAY. WE HAVE BEEN MONITORING THE TRAFFIC ON THE TAMCAM WWW PAGE FOR ABOUT A YEAR. WE HAVE EXPERIENCED ABOUT 200 DIFFERENT USERS EACH MONTH WHICH IMPLIES THAT THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT INTEREST IN WHAT WE'VE BEEN DOING. ONCE YOU'VE HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO GO OVER WHAT WE HAVE DONE, I BE MORE THAN HAPPY TO DISCUSS COLLABORATION. YOU MAY ALSO WANT TO TALK WITH JEFF SMITH OR BRETT PETERS AT TEXAS A&M -- THEY HAVE TAKEN OVER WHAT WAS STARTED. GOOD LUCK, RICK Richard A. Wysk Leonhard Chair in Engineering 207 Hammond Building Penn State University University Park, PA 16802 814-863-1001 FAX: 814-863-4745 ========================= >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 08:23:11 1995 Received: from mailman.nsf.gov by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA12162; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:23:09 -0500 From: bkramer@nsf.gov Received: from xrelay.nsf.gov by mailman.nsf.gov with SMTP id AA13528 (5.65c/IDA-1.4.4 for ); Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:23:36 -0500 Received: from cc:Mail by xrelay.nsf.gov id AA795284382; Wed, 15 Mar 95 08:21:15 EST Date: Wed, 15 Mar 95 08:21:15 EST Message-Id: <9502157952.AA795284382@xrelay.nsf.gov> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu, mfoster@nsf.gov, bmacdona@nsf.gov, cgabriel@nsf.gov, knarayan@nsf.gov, pegbelu@nsf.gov, ghazelri@nsf.gov Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Mike, Bruce, Chris, Kesh, Pius, George: You might consider forwarding this request to your relevant PIs. Bruce =========================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 08:43:35 1995 Received: from ns.draper.com by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA12167; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:43:34 -0500 Received: from surname.draper.com by ns.draper.com id aa00563; 15 Mar 95 8:42 EST Received: from qmlink.draper.com by surname.draper.com id aa12471; 15 Mar 95 8:42 EST Message-ID: Date: 15 Mar 1995 08:40:09 -0500 From: Thomas De Fazio Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu- virtual To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Cc: Stephen Rhee , Daniel Whitney X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 3.0.2 Reply to: RE>[nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] To Dana S. Nau or associates, >From Thomas L. De Fazio on 15 March 1995. Abstract of Current Work: Exploratory research into a design-specific approach to Design For Assembly (DFA) in the Concurrent Engineering (CE) environment: The research addresses DFA for dense and complicated mechanical assemblies, for which it is felt that current DFA methods are inadequate. Currently, DFA comprises generic checklists, is based on experience with a wide range of products, and is effective if a product functional design engineer has substantial design, material, and process freedoms. Our recent successful product-specific DFA efforts in industry have addressed concurrent engineering of automotive power-transmission units and other dense, complicated mechanical assemblies, with both tight design constraints and dimensional tolerances. These efforts resulted in successful paradigms that would not be suggested by current DFA guidance, and some that would run counter to, or even violate current DFA guidance. Objectives of the research are to explore this realm in a systematic way, and to develop more rational bases for collaboration of product design engineers concerned with function, and production engineers c! oncerned with assembly, in the realm of concurrent engineering of dense, complicated, or tightly specified and constrained mechanical assemblies. The research uses the logic of Assembly Sequence Analysis (ASA) as structure, tool, and a basis for measure of results. The use of ASA differentiates our work from current DFA means. ASA is a design-specific logical means of relating product design geometry to assembly choices. Both design geometry and assembly choices offer new metrics and support conventional ones: parts-count, assembly-line topology, count of non-productive assembly tasks, for example. To date ASA has been used in one direction; from product design to assembly choice. Part of the work is to explore possibilities of using ASA in the other direction; to flag awkward assembly constraints, and to suggest areas for design reconsideration. Among the implied research questions are: How may one use ASA to look back from assembly sequence to design geometry? What useful information may move from assembly consideration to product design? What are means for postponing imposition of assembly constraints during preliminary design? Our current and recent work seems relevant to your categories 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8(?), 10, 12. That is, our work seems, more or less, to read on the descriptions of the above-cited categories. List of relevant references: T. L. De Fazio, & D. E. Whitney, "Simplified Generation of All Assembly Sequences," IEEE Jnl. Robotics & Automation, Vol. RA-3, No. 6, pp. 640-658, Dec. 1987. D. F. Baldwin & al., "An Integrated Computer Aid for Generating & Evaluating Assembly Sequences for Mechanical Products," IEEE Jnl. Robotics & Automation, Vol. 7, No. 1, 78-94, Feb. 1991. T. L. De Fazio & D. E. Whitney, "Computer Aids for Finding and Evaluating Assembly Sequences: What is now Done, and what are Some Gaps in Current Application," Invited Paper, Workshop S1, 1992 IEEE Int'l Conf. on Robotics & Automation, Nice, France, May 1992. T. L. De Fazio & al., "A Prototype of Feature-Based Design for Assembly," Trans. ASME, J. of Mechanical Design, Vol. 115, No. 4, Dec. 1993. D. E. Whitney, & al., "Problems and Issues in Design and Manufacture of Complex Electro-Mechanical Systems," Final Report for ARPA Contract No. N00030-91-G-0110, Jan. 1994. J. L. Nevins & D. E. Whitney, Ed's, & T. L. De Fazio, & al., "Concurrent Design of Products and Processes: A Strategy for the Next Generation in Manufacturing." McGraw-Hill, New York, 1989. T. E. Abell & al., "Computer Aids for Finding, Representing, Choosing Amongst, and Evaluating the Assembly Sequences of Mechanical Products," (Ch. 15) in "Computer-aided Mechanical Assembly Planning," L. S. Homem de Mello & S. Lee, Editors. Kluwer Academic Publishers, June 1991. ============================= >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 09:12:24 1995 Received: from puggsly.cme.nist.gov by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id JAA12183; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:12:23 -0500 Received: by puggsly.cme.nist.gov (4.1/SMI-3.2-del.7) id AA01821; Wed, 15 Mar 95 09:11:24 EST Date: Wed, 15 Mar 95 09:11:24 EST From: klyons@cme.nist.gov (Kevin Lyons) Message-Id: <9503151411.AA01821@puggsly.cme.nist.gov> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu In-Reply-To: <199503142244.RAA10601@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Subject: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: klyons@cme.nist.gov Thanks for the note. I have forwarded it on to several interested people here at NIST and will forward to others outside of NIST when I get a break later this week. This type of study is really needed and am glad to see your involvement in this effort. =================================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 09:27:39 1995 Received: from MICF.NIST.GOV by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id JAA12187; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:27:37 -0500 Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:27:37 -0500 Message-Id: <199503151427.JAA12187@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Received: from lily by MICF.NIST.GOV (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with TCP; Wed, 15 Mar 95 09:26:40 EST X-Sender: kemmerer@micf.nist.gov X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Version 2.0.3 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: kemmerer@micf.nist.gov (Sharon Kemmerer) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana: I forwarded this email to a couple of our folks who are or may be doing something in virtual mfg. Hopefully you'll hear from one of them! Thanks. -S- ===================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 09:45:01 1995 Received: from tamcam by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id JAA12201; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:45:00 -0500 Received: from MFG.TAMU.EDU by tamcam (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA27244; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:36:48 -0600 Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:36:48 -0600 Message-Id: <9503151436.AA27244@tamcam> X-Sender: jsmith@tamcam.tamu.edu X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Version 1.4.3 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: jsmith@tamu.edu (Jeffrey S. Smith) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: bpeters@tamu.edu Dana, We are also working on virtual manufacturing technologies in our lab at Texas A&M. I would suggest that you look at our WWW Home Page (http://tamcam.tamu.edu/tamcam.html) to get an overview of our activities. If you have any questions, I would be happy to discuss any of the projects in more detail (either over the phone or email). Just let me know, jeff -- ---------- Jeffrey S. Smith Assistant Professor Industrial Engineering Dept. Texas A&M University email: jsmith@tamu.edu Phone: (409) 845-4335 FAX: (409) 847-9005 ============================= >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 10:33:56 1995 Received: from cs.utah.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id KAA12270; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 10:33:53 -0500 From: dbrown@fuller.mech.utah.edu Received: from howe.mech.utah.edu by cs.utah.edu (5.65/utah-2.21-cs) id AA08797; Wed, 15 Mar 95 08:33:52 -0700 Received: from fuller.mech.utah.edu by howe.mech.utah.edu (5.67b/utah-2.15sun-leaf) id AA03032; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:33:48 -0700 Received: by fuller.mech.utah.edu (5.67b/utah-2.15sun-leaf) id AA03195; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:33:51 -0700 Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 08:33:51 -0700 Message-Id: <199503151533.AA03195@fuller.mech.utah.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu In-Reply-To: <199503142242.RAA10035@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> (virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana, I believe our work on PartNet is very relevant. The URL is http://www.part.net. PartNet PartNet is a federated database for product information. PartNet helps customers perform product and price comparisons to improve purchasing decisions. It uses data networks to deliver product information directly from the part supplier to the customer. A customer opens a window on his or her computer and describes the characteristics of the part of interest. For example, in the case of electrical connectors, the user may desire a certain number of pins, the voltage, power, and shielding requirements. The user interface forms a query which is sent to all the potential suppliers. Database managers at each of the suppliers search their local data and respond with descriptions of parts which match the user's requirements. The user may then request further information on the part such as photographic images, CAD models, technical notes, or any other material that the vendor has supplied. Don R. Brown, PhD. Director, Design Systems Laboratory 3209 MEB University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112 voice: 801.581.5340 fax: 801.585.5261 email: dbrown@me.utah.edu =========================================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 13:16:48 1995 Received: from po2.andrew.cmu.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id NAA12498; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:16:40 -0500 Received: (from postman@localhost) by po2.andrew.cmu.edu (8.6.9/8.6.9) id NAA17230 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:15:54 -0500 Received: via switchmail; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:15:52 -0500 (EST) Received: from pcs17.andrew.cmu.edu via qmail ID ; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:14:18 -0500 (EST) Received: from pcs17.andrew.cmu.edu via qmail ID ; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:14:15 -0500 (EST) Received: from mms.4.40.Nov..4.1993.10.34.00.sun4c.411.MacMail.0.9.CUILIB.3.45.SNAP.NOT.LINKED.pcs17.andrew.cmu.edu.sun4c.411 via MS.5.6.pcs17.andrew.cmu.edu.sun4c_411; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:14:14 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 13:14:14 -0500 (EST) From: Marcia Morton To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: virtual mfg survey Dear Frabjous Dana, Glad to help out. It seems that my work (mfg. planning, scheduling, and control) (project management, scheduling and control) fits equally under 7. SIMULATION + model (near) optimization or 12. WORKFLOW (information and CONTROL) Bottleneck dynamics is a system for scheduling, reactive scheduling, or control of manufacturing processes or project management. It simulates the pocess in a forward fashion, but simultaneously forecasts vital global parameters such as resource bottlenecks and critical activities. These forecasts are updated by repeating the simulation perhaps 5 times until the forecast parameters stabilize. More specifically the forecast parameters include resource prices, which provide a quantitative measure of the difficulty of a resource bottleneck; and activity delay prices, which provide a quantitative measure of the criticality of a given job activity. Sequencing priorities are formed as a benefit cost ratio of these prices. A parallel method, tabu dynamics solves the same problem by a very fast adaptation of tabu search. The method has been broadly tested in a number of different contexts It is thoroughly reported in the text Heuristic Scheduling Systems, John Wiley, 1993. ISBN 0-471-57819-3. This text has full bibliographies by a number of topics. However I also attach some references here. PARTIAL REFERENCES 1. with A. Sathi and S. Roth, "CALLISTO: An Intelligent Project Management System," A.I. Magazine, 34-52 (1986) (refereed). 2. with T. Smunt, "A Planning and Scheduling System for Flexible Manufacturing," In Flexible Manufacturing Systems: Methods and Studies. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 151-164 (1986) 3. with A. Vepsalainen, "Priority Rules and Leadtime Estimation for Job Shop Scheduling with Weighted Tardiness Costs," Management Science 33, 1036-1047 (1987). 4. with Peng Si Ow, "Filtered Beam Search in Scheduling," International Journal of Production Research 26, 35-62 (1988). 5. with A. Vepsalainen, "Improving Local Priority Rules with Global Leadtime Estimates," Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management 1, 102-118 (1988).. 6. with S. Kekre, S. Lawrence, and S. Rajagopalan, "SCHED-STAR: A Price Based Shop Scheduling Module," Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management 1, 131-181 (1988). 7. with Medini Singh, "Implicit Costs and Prices for Resources with Busy Periods," Journal of Manufacturing and Operations Management 1, 305-322 (1988). 8. with Peng Si Ow, "The Single Machine Early/Tardy Problem," Management Science 35, 177-191 (1989) 9. with S. Kekre and T. Smunt, "Predicting the Master Schedule from Partially Known Demand," International Journal of Applied Forecasting 6, 115-125 (1990) 10. with S. Lawrence, "Resource-Constrained Multiproject Scheduling with Tardy Costs: Comparing Myopic, Bottleneck, and Resource Pricing Heuristics," European Journal of Operational Research 64, 168-187 (1993) . 11. with P. Ramnath, "Guided Forward Tabu/Beam Search for Scheduling Very Large Dynamic Job Shops," Intelligent Scheduling Systems, (To appear) 12. "Survey of Bottleneck Dynamics--A Framework for Heuristics Scheduling Systems," Production and Operations Management, (To appear in Production and Operations Management) PUBLISHED BOOK Heuristic Scheduling Systems. John Wiley. August, 1993. WORKING PAPERS 1. with Steve Lawrence, "Myopic Dispatch Scheduling and Bottleneck Dynamics," CMU 1993-22, submitted to Production and Operations Management. 2. With V. Narayan, and P. Ramnath, "X-Dispatch Methods for Weighted Tardiness Job Shops," CMU 1994-14, submitted to Production and Operations Management. 3. with P. Lefrancois and T. Davidson, "The New Forecasting Challenge: Networked Manufacturing," CMU 1994-21. ------------- As far as this "anonymous ftp site" you would have to be much more specific. What exactly? How difficult to do? How to do? How much benefit to others? I repeat, I am glad to help and welcome further communication. Mykk non-filtered address is : parsifal@cmu.edu Tom Morton =================================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 15 20:12:44 1995 Received: from HPP.Stanford.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id UAA13295; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 20:12:43 -0500 Received: from HPP-Mac-135.Stanford.EDU (HPP-Mac-135.Stanford.EDU [171.65.33.171]) by HPP.Stanford.EDU (8.6.10/8.6.10) with SMTP id RAA03168; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 17:12:37 -0800 X-Authentication-Warning: HPP.Stanford.EDU: Host HPP-Mac-135.Stanford.EDU didn't use HELO protocol Date: Wed, 15 Mar 95 17:13:26 -0800 From: Richard Fikes To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: fikes@HPP.Stanford.EDU Message-ID: In-Reply-To: Your message <199503142240.RAA09631@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> of Tue, 14 Mar 1995 17:40:23 -0500 Content-Type: TEXT/plain; charset=US-ASCII > If any of your work is relevant to virtual > manufacturing, then this is an invitation to send us > information about it, for possible inclusion on the Web > site and in the report. We are doing significant research under ARPA and NASA sponsorship in the areas of modeling and simulation. For project abstracts, tech reports, and demos, please look at the How Things Work Project at http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/ Richard Fikes ================================== >From virtual-request Thu Mar 16 08:22:52 1995 Received: from uxh.cso.uiuc.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA13752; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 08:22:51 -0500 Received: from GUESSWHO ([128.174.10.201]) by uxh.cso.uiuc.edu with SMTP id AA03286 (5.67b/IDA-1.5 for ); Thu, 16 Mar 1995 07:22:47 -0600 Date: Thu, 16 Mar 1995 07:22:47 -0600 From: Placid Ferreira Message-Id: <199503161322.AA03286@uxh.cso.uiuc.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] My lab works in large-scale flexible automation, concentrating on configuration flexibility of automated manufacturing systems, configurable planning tools to support large scale flexibly automated manufacturing systems and development of devices (processes, tools, gages) for working in such flexible environments. I guess my homepage would give you most of the information you are requesting. URL: http://marshall.me.uiuc.edu/lsfa.html I believe most relevant pieces of our work are 1. A configurable distributed discrete-event simulator/controller of FMSs 2. Structural Control Policies for FMSs 3. A repertoire of geometric algorithms for reasoning in manufacturing planning 4. A configurable feature extraction system 5. A die-face design workbench for sheet metal working 6. Dynamic Geometric Reasoning: Scene Feasibility and Geometric Constraint Satisfaction Problems. 7. An environment for design of assemblies. Take care....all the best Placid Ferreira. ****************************************************** * Placid M. Ferreira * * Assoc. Prof. of Mech. and Ind. Engg. * * Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering * * 1206, W Green Street * * MC-244, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign * * Illinois, 61801, USA * * * * E-mail: placid@uxh.cso.uiuc.edu * * Phone: (217) 333-0639 * * FAX: (217) 244-9956 * ****************************************************** ======================= >From virtual-request Thu Mar 16 13:18:49 1995 Received: from MASS.SENSOR.RI.CMU.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id NAA14187; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 13:18:48 -0500 From: Mel_Siegel@MASS.SENSOR.RI.CMU.EDU Received: from MASS.SENSOR.RI.CMU.EDU by MASS.SENSOR.RI.CMU.EDU id aa00651; 16 Mar 95 13:17:56 EST To: virtual@FRABJOUS.CS.UMD.EDU cc: mws+@CMU.EDU, Norman Sadeh Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 14 Mar 95 17:41:37 EST." <199503142241.RAA09935@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Date: Thu, 16 Mar 95 13:17:43 EST Message-ID: <648.795377863@MASS.SENSOR.RI.CMU.EDU> 0) who am I? Mel Siegel Senior Research Scientist and Director, Measurement and Control Lab The Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University mws+@cmu.edu 1) a 150- to 200-word abstract of your work and how it is relevant to the areas listed below; My research in robotics has focused on the design and integration of sensing devices, measurement and control systems, and knowledge based approaches to data understanding. "Difficult measurements in difficult environments," finding effective ways to make decisions given incomplete, noisy, ambiguous and contradictory data, have been a unifying recent theme. My work in this area is exemplified by the FAA sponsored "ANDI" (Automated NonDestructive Inspector) project, research and development of a small walking robot that deploys, under vision system guidance, electronic NDI instruments to inspect aircraft skins for cracks and corrosion. My research in technologies that support robotics has focused on 3D-stereoscopic television and computer monitor displays, particularly on ways to take advantage of recent and anticipated future advances in high definition flat panel displays to implement several 3D-stereoscopic rendering concepts, to study the integration of video and graphics in this environment, and to develop human interface devices for human-computer interactions in 3D. Recently I have been able to combine these two research activities in a new program, supported by Aircraft Diagnostics Corporation, the Ben Franklin Technology Center of Western Pennsylvania, and USAir, to study the effectiveness of providing aircraft inspectors with enhanced 3D-stereoscopic imagery from cameras deployed by a mobile robot. Applications of these technologies in manufacturing and re-manufacturing include: 1. VISUALIZATION: technology for displaying manufacturing data graphics, image graphics, and video in true binocular 3D-stereoscopy. 3. MODELING TECHNOLOGIES: facilitated by (1) above. 7. SIMULATION: geometrical and human factors issues relating to creation and effective stereoscopic presentation of 3D models of products, product applications, production processes, etc. 11. VERIFICATION, VALIDATION & MEASUREMENT: the "difficult measurements in difficult environments" theme, instantiated by ongoing mobile robot inspection (measurement) of aging aircraft program, transfers smoothly to heavy maintenance ("re-manufacture") and initial manufacture domains. 2) a list of relevant references; author = "Ann Murray, Richard M Moore Jr, David Alan Bourne, Melvin W. Siegel", title = "Fingerpad Force Sensing System", howpublished = "U. S. Patent (pending), assigned to Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213" author = "C. J. Alberts, W. M. Kaufman, M. W. Siegel, C. L. Wolfe", title = "Robot with Cruciform Geometry", howpublished = "U. S. Patent (allowed 94-Jun-28, Ser No 064,968), assigned to Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213" author="V. S. Grinberg, G. W. Podnar, and M. W. Siegel", title="Geometry of Binocular Imaging II: The Augmented Eye", organization="SPIE/IST", publisher="SPIE/IST", booktitle="Proceedings of the 1995 SPIE/IST Conference (San Jose)", month="February", year="1995", pages="TBD", note="in press." author="S. Safier and M. W. Siegel", title="3D-Stereoscopic X Windows", organization="SPIE/IST", publisher="SPIE/IST", booktitle="Proceedings of the 1995 SPIE/IST Conference (San Jose)", month="February", year="1995", pages="TBD", note="in press." author="Chris Seher, Mel Siegel, and William M. Kaufman", title="Automation Tools for NonDestructive Inspection of Aircraft: Promise of Technology Transfer from the Civilian to the Military Sector", organization="SUNY Institute of Technology at Utica/Rome", publisher="IEEE", booktitle="Fourth Annual IEEE Dual-Use Technologies and Applications Conference", address="Griffis AFB NY", month="May", year="1994" author="M. W. Siegel", title="Automation for Nondestructive Inspection of Aircraft", organization="AIAA/NASA", publisher="AIAA", booktitle="Conference on Intelligent Robots in Field, Factory, Service and Space (CIRFFSS '94)", editor="Paul J Weitz (NASA/JSC)", address="Houston TX", month="March", year="1994", pages="367-77" author="C. J. Alberts, C. D. Rogers, C. W. Carroll, M. W. Siegel, K. M Kalumuck", title="Multipurpose Self-guided Robot for Surface Cleaning & Surface NDI Quality Inspection of Use on Ships and Storage Equipment", organization="American Society of Naval Engineers, IEEE, and Fluid Power Society", publisher="ASNE", booktitle="Technical Innovation Symposium '94: Engineering Innovations for the Turn of the Century", editors="D. L. Schreder", address="Pittsburgh PA", month="Sep", year="94", pages="tbd", note="in press" author="V. S. Grinberg, G. W. Podnar, M. W. Siegel", title="Geometry of Binocular Imaging", organization="SPIE", publisher="SPIE", booktitle="Stereoscopic Displays and Applications V", month="Feb", year="1994", pages="56-65" author="M. W. Siegel, Priyan Gunatilake, Sriram Sethuraman, A. G. Jordan", title="Compression of stereo image pairs and streams", organization="SPIE", publisher="SPIE", booktitle="Stereoscopic Displays and Applications V", month="Feb", year="1994", pages="258-68" author="M. W. Siegel, W. M. Kaufman, C. J. Alberts", title="Mobile Robots for Difficult Measurements in Difficult Environments: Application to Aging Aircraft Inspection", journal="Robotics and Autonomous Systems", publisher="Elsevier", volume="11", year="1993", pages="187-94" author="M. W. Siegel and M. L. Leary", title="Range from focus-error", organization="Second International Symposium of Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments", publisher="SPIE", booktitle="Proceedings of the Wuhan meeting", Editors="Li Zhu et al", address="Wuhan China", Month="October", Year="1993", Pages="1100-9" author="Ian Davis, M. W. Siegel", title="Vision algorithms for guiding the Automated NonDestructive Inspector of aging aircraft skins", organization="SPIE", publisher="SPIE", booktitle="Proceedings of the San Diego Meeting", editors="M. T. Valley, N. K. Del Grande, and A. S. Kobayashi", address="Bellington WA", month="July", year="1993", pages="133-44" author="M. W. Siegel, A. M. Guzman, and W. M. Kaufman", title="Robotic Systems for Deploying Sensors to Detect Contraband in Cargo", organization="Executive Office of the President", Publisher="Office of National Drug Control Policy and National Institute of Justice", booktitle="Proceedings of the Washington DC Meeting", Editor="Albert E. Brandenstein ", address="Washington DC 20500", month="October", Year="1992", Pages="345-52" author="M. W. Siegel, A. M. Guzman, W. M. Kaufman", title="Robotics Systems for Deployment of Explosive Detection Sensors and Instruments", organization="Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", publisher="FAA Technical Center", booktitle="Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Explosive Detection Technology", editor="Siraj M. Kahn", address="Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405", month="February", Year="1992", Pages="873-9", note="(conference held November 13-15, 1991.)" 3) if possible, a URL for a world-wide-web or anonymous ftp site where interested parties can retrieve more detailed information about your work. my personal home page: http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs/user/mws/ftp/www/mws-home.html my 3D-stereoscopic video display systems project home page: http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs/project/sensor-9/ftp/www/homepage.html ===================== >From virtual-request Thu Mar 16 14:59:43 1995 Received: from gw1.att.com by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id OAA14252; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 14:59:42 -0500 Received: from mtgzfs3.mt.att.com (mtgzfs3-bgate.mt.att.com) by ig1.att.att.com id AA07563; Thu, 16 Mar 95 14:57:59 EST Received: from mthost2 by mtgzfs3.mt.att.com (5.0/EMS-1.1 Sol2) id AA22375; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 14:56:22 +0500 Received: by mthost2 (5.0/EMS-1.0.2 subsidiary.cf 12/10/93 (SMI-4.1/SVR4)) id AA20306; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 14:56:11 +0500 Message-Id: <147420239@mthost2.mt.att.com> References: <199503142244.RAA10549@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> From: "j.w.wesner" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Date: 16 Mar 1995 14:55 EST Subject: re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana, I have no input re. virtual manufacturing, but I passed your request on to a couple of other folks here who are more likely to have input for you. No guarantees. John Wesner =================== >From virtual-request Thu Mar 16 16:41:08 1995 Received: from cs.rpi.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id QAA14329; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 16:41:07 -0500 From: spoonerd@cs.rpi.edu Received: from colossus.cs.rpi.edu by cs.rpi.edu (5.67a/1.4-RPI-CS-Dept) id AA22951; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 16:41:01 -0500 (spoonerd from colossus.cs.rpi.edu) Date: Thu, 16 Mar 95 16:40:21 EST Received: by colossus.cs.rpi.edu (4.1/2.2-RPI-CS-client) id AA20958; Thu, 16 Mar 95 16:40:21 EST Message-Id: <9503162140.AA20958@colossus.cs.rpi.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: virtual manufacturing survey Information Integration for Simulation Based Design and Manufacturing Martin Hardwick (hardwick@rdrc.rpi.edu) David L. Spooner (spoonerd@cs.rpi.edu) Laboratory for Industrial Information Infrastructure Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12180 Abstract: This project is investigating how the information highway can be used by engineering organizations that wish to collaborate on design and manufacturing problems. The project is conducting an experiment that uses the information highway to support simulations of mechanical systems for multidisciplinary design perspectives. The research to accomplish this task is seeking to advance the state of the art in integration of engineering systems in wide area networks such as the Internet. In addition, the research is seeking to advance the states of the art in neutral database design for the integration of engineering systems, and distributed control systems for the processing of engineering changes. The project is building a next generation environment for engineering collaboration using the PDES/STEP standard for engineering data exchange, the OMG CORBA standard for object service modeling, and Mosaic/HTML for data presentation. In the first year, the environment will be tested using a product model of the Hummer Vehicle. Product models of components of the Hummer's suspension assembly will be re-built using different CAD packages at the University of Iowa and RPI. The suspension will be assembled over the Internet using PDES/STEP and simulated using Iowa's simulation based design environment. This work is being performed by the Laboratory of Industrial Information Infrastructure of the New York State Center for Advanced Technology in Robotics, Automation and Manufacturing, in collaboration with the University of Iowa, Caterpillar Inc. and PDES, Inc. References: M. Hardwick, B. Downie, M. Kutcher and D. Spooner, "Using Delta Files to Implement Concurrent Engineering: Results of an Experiment," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, editor P. Wilson, IEEE Computer Society Press, January 1995. M. Hardwick, D. Spooner, B. Downie, M. Ferris, Z. Jiang,and T. DeWeese, "A STEP Entity Control System for Concurrent Engineering," Proceedings of the First International Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications, Pittsburgh, PA., August 1994. URLs: http://www.rdrc.rpi.edu http://www.rdrc.rpi.edu/iita/status950125.html ========================= >From virtual-request Thu Mar 16 20:22:37 1995 Received: from DB.Stanford.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id UAA14581; Thu, 16 Mar 1995 20:22:36 -0500 Received: by DB.Stanford.EDU (5.57/25-DB-eef) id AA04176; Thu, 16 Mar 95 17:22:29 -0800 Date: Thu, 16 Mar 95 17:22:28 PST From: Gio Wiederhold To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] In-Reply-To: Your message of Tue, 14 Mar 1995 17:42:53 -0500 Message-Id: My work has focused om item 9. Integration of legacy and current data. Note that what's current today is legacy tommorrow. References are located at ISX, a development contractor: http://isx.com/pub/I3 gio ========================= >From virtual-request Fri Mar 17 15:44:08 1995 Received: from cive.Stanford.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA15354; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 15:44:02 -0500 Received: from nervi (nervi.Stanford.EDU [36.91.0.55]) by cive.Stanford.EDU (8.6.8/8.6.6) with SMTP id MAA08746 for ; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 12:43:56 -0800 Date: Fri, 17 Mar 1995 12:43:56 -0800 Message-Id: <199503172043.MAA08746@cive.Stanford.EDU> X-Sender: kunz@ce.stanford.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: kunz@cive.Stanford.EDU (John Kunz) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] X-Mailer: The Virtual Design Team project builds and tests computational models of project organizations. Project objectives are to develop computational tools for analysis of organizations, just as engineers have long had for physical systems, and to develop and test new theory of organizational behavior. We have developed a computational organizational model and tested it by modeling and analyzing several real engineering projects. >> >>- a list of relevant references; Levitt, R.E., Cohen, G.P., Kunz, J.C., Nass, C.I., Christiansen, T., Jin, Y., "The 'Virtual Design Team:' Simulating how Organization Sktructure and information Processing Tools affect Team Performance," in Computational Organization Theory, edited by K. Carley and M. Prietula, Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. >> >>- if possible, a URL for a world-wide-web or anonymous ftp site where >> interested parties can retrieve more detailed information about your >> work. http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~kunz/vdt.html ===================== >From virtual-request Mon Mar 20 10:26:09 1995 Received: from tamcam.tamu.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id KAA01630; Mon, 20 Mar 1995 10:26:08 -0500 Received: from IE17.TAMU.EDU by tamcam.tamu.edu (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA15987; Mon, 20 Mar 1995 09:15:46 -0600 Date: Mon, 20 Mar 1995 09:15:46 -0600 Message-Id: <9503201515.AA15987@tamcam.tamu.edu> X-Sender: bpeters@tam2000.tamu.edu X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Version 1.4.3 Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: bpeters@tamu.edu (Brett A. Peters) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana, I think you heard from both Jeff Smith and Rick Wysk about the work we are doing related to virtual manufacturing at Texas A&M. I thought I would respond so that you didn't think I ignored your message. The URL containing our information is at http://tamcam.tamu.edu/tamcam.html. Let me know if you need any more information from me. Thanks, Brett Brett A. Peters Dept. of Industrial Engineering Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3131 Phone: 409/845-3574 Fax: 409/847-9005 Email: bpeters@tamu.edu =============================== >From virtual-request Mon Mar 20 20:50:46 1995 Received: from nss1.CC.Lehigh.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id UAA02351; Mon, 20 Mar 1995 20:50:46 -0500 Received: from ns1.CC.Lehigh.EDU (lam4@ns1.CC.Lehigh.EDU [128.180.1.26]) by nss1.CC.Lehigh.EDU (8.6.10/8.6.9) with ESMTP id UAA36512 for ; Mon, 20 Mar 1995 20:50:42 -0500 Received: (lam4@localhost) by ns1.CC.Lehigh.EDU (8.6.10/8.6.9) id UAA143205; Mon, 20 Mar 1995 20:50:40 -0500 Message-Id: <199503210150.UAA143205@ns1.CC.Lehigh.EDU> Date: Mon, 20 Mar 1995 20:50:38 EST From: lam4@Lehigh.EDU (LOUIS A MARTIN-VEGA) X-Mailer: SENDM [Version 2.0.14] Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Dana: I forwarded this to all my faculty. You should also contact: Harold K. Brown EE Dept Florida Institute of Tecnology 150 W University Blvd Melbourne, FL 32901 407-768-8000 x8673 I think his e-mail is: hkb@ee.fit.edu Hank has talked with him before an d knows of his work.. Good luck !! Louie Louis A. Martin-Vega Professor and Chairman Dept of Industrial & Mfg Systems Engineering Lehigh University 610-758-4050 lam4@lehigh.edu =========================== >From virtual-request Tue Mar 21 20:26:16 1995 Received: from Sunset.AI.SRI.COM by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id UAA03847; Tue, 21 Mar 1995 20:26:15 -0500 Received: from [128.18.61.207] (Ulysses.AI.SRI.COM) by Sunset.AI.SRI.COM (4.1/SMI-4.1) id AA16907 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu; Tue, 21 Mar 95 17:25:52 PST Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Tue, 21 Mar 1995 17:27:24 -0800 To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: perrault@ai.sri.com (Ray Perrault) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana, Sorry I don't have time to reply to this in detail, so I hope the URLs will suffice for now. Let me know if I can give you more details. --ray > >1. VISUALIZATION: The representation of information to the user in a way >that is meaningful and easily comprehensible. In addition to graphical >user interfaces (GUIs) and virtual reality technologies, this technical >area includes information distillation, aggregation and autointerpretation. Our main work here has been on the development of multimodal interfaces for interacting with factory simulation systems, as demosntrated in Cohen's SHOPTALK system. P. R. Cohen, "Integrated interfaces for decision-support with simulation," Technical Note 507, AI Center, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, June 1991. Abstract: A major limitation of graphical user interfaces for simulation is that users such as managers and decision makers need to know too much. We examine the weaknesses inherent in graphical user interfaces to support these users of simulation for short-term situation assessment and scenario evaluation, a style of problem solving characteristic of military and factory command-and-control. Then, we present Shoptalk, a factory command-and-control system with an interface integrating direct manipulation and natural-language processing and demonstrate how the Shoptalk style of interaction can overcome these limitations. > >2. ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: A computer based environment which >facilitates the construction and execution of VM systems. The tools are used >to extract information, to create models supporting simulation, to properly >configure the virtual environment, to analyze the ``fit'' of the virtual >environment to the real production environment, to link real and virtual >processes, and to link to the manufacturing control systems. THE AIC's Perception program has been active in the development of methods for building, manipulating and visualizing 3D models derived from images. See, for example, the material on 3DIUS at http://www.ai.sri.com/aic/perception/software/ > >3. MODELING TECHNOLOGIES: Since simulations are based on models, modeling >technologies are key technologies for VM. Significant modeling issues are: >representation, representation languages, abstraction, federation, >standardization, reuse, multi-use, and configuration control. > Extending the Capabilities of Frame Knowledge Representation Systems http://www.ai.sri.com/people/pkarp/frame-overview.html Trusted Interoperation of Heterogeneous Databases http://www.csl.sri.com/sri-csl-db.html Amphion?? >4. REPRESENTATION: The technologies, methods, semantics, grammars and >analytical constructs required to represent all of the types of information >associated with designing and manufacturing a product in such a way that the >information can be transparently shared between all software applications >that support the representation technologies, methods, semantics, etc. > >5. META-MODELING: This area refers to modeling about modeling, in essence, >constructing, defining and developing models that accommodate inter-model >interaction. The area involves standards and integration issues. Hierarchical planning and control. Unfortunately, we have not had the opportunity of applying our planning methods to manufacturing. For emphasis on generative and reactive planning in military operations, see http://www.ai.sri.com/people/wilkins/papers.html For application of reactive planning and fuzzy control to mobile robotics, see C. Congdon, M. Huber, D. Kortenkamp, K. Konolige, K. Myers, E. H. Ruspini, and A. Saffiotti, "Carmel vs. Flakey: A comparison of two winners," AI Magazine, vol. 14, pp. 49--57, Spring 1993. > >6. INTEGRATING INFRASTRUCTURE & ARCHITECTURE: The underlying infrastructure >(e.g. network, communications) that supports the ability to share models >and integrated product and process development across geographically >distributed enterprises (e.g. global co-location). The area also includes >creating a framework for the interoperation of all VM technologies. Open Agent Architecture(OAA) http://www.ai.sri.com/~cheyer/oaa.html > >7. SIMULATION: The ability to represent a physical system or environment >in a computer. This area includes a wide range of computer software >applications and, in the long term, links to real world systems that >enable simulation-based control. Includes model optimization and validation. > >8. METHODOLOGY: The methodology for developing, deploying and using VM >systems, including ``simulation-based reason.'' The latter refers to >``problems'' that are defined in such a way that ``simulation'' will generate >insights (i.e., alternatives, potential solutions, problem >definition/refinement). Problem solutions will likely require more than >just ``simulation''. This methodology cannot be identical during the different >phases, however, it should be consistent across all phases. > >9. INTEGRATION OF LEGACY DATA: This technical area primarily deals with >data and the many aspects of dealing data in general. Also, corporate >culture and multiple platforms were identified. See ref above on OAA > >10. MANUFACTURING CHARACTERIZATION: This ara involves the capture, >measurement and analysis of the variables that influence material >transformation during manufacturing. It also involves the techniques >and methods for creating generic models of these processes based on actual >shop floor data. > >11. VERIFICATION, VALIDATION & MEASUREMENT: For VM, this area refers to the >methodologies and tools to support the verification and validation (V&V) of >a VM system. Making decisions on a VM ``simulation'' of manufacturing >demands a confidence that the impacts of those decisions on physical >manufacturing will be realized as predicted. The methodologies and tools >are developed to provide the confidence. Measurement is included in this >technical area because its central role in maintaining a mapping between >the physical and the virtual is necessary for the V&V methodologies. > >12. WORKFLOW: The work of an organization follows a path called the >workflow. This technical ara encompasses the capture, evaluation and >continuous improvement of the processes that are associated with workflow. >The workflow area processes primarily involve information, whereas the >manufacturing characterization area primarily involves physical material >transformation processes. > >13. CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TRADES: The essence is multi-discipline optimization >applied to large grain (specifically Life Cycle Cost disciplines) problems. >These trades will be general across organizations at a high level, but will be >organization specific at a lower level as with factory floor operations, etc. >This has big technology transfer impacts. Many people had a hard time dealing >with the specific labels of the underpinnings, however, they were adamant >that it described what was really needed (e.g. requirement). Figure 3-1 >in the final report of the user's workshop (presented here as Figure 3-1) >provides the context of this issue. C. Raymond Perrault Phone +1 (415) 859-6470 AI Center Fax: +1 (415) 859-3735 SRI International Email: perrault@ai.sri.com Menlo Park, CA 94025 ============================= >From virtual-request Wed Mar 22 15:14:26 1995 Received: from PSUVM.PSU.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA04686; Wed, 22 Mar 1995 15:14:21 -0500 Received: from quark.arl.psu.edu by PSUVM.PSU.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with TCP; Wed, 22 Mar 95 15:14:33 EST Received: from [128.118.73.4] (ppp4.cac.psu.edu) by quark.arl.psu.edu (4.1/SMI-4.1) id AA29976; Wed, 22 Mar 95 15:14:12 EST Message-Id: <9503222014.AA29976@quark.arl.psu.edu> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1904 15:16:55 -0500 To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: klein@quark.arl.psu.edu (Mark Klein) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: klein@quark.arl.psu.edu Hi Dana, You may recall that we might once or twice in Stephen Lu's lab several years ago. I hope life is going well for you. I include a response to your survey request for information below. Regards, Mark Klein ------------------------- My work is relevant to the two areas listed below. I include for each area an abstract and set of references. My address info with a URL is included in my signature text below. >12. WORKFLOW Workflow technology faces important limitations including the lack of organizational models, semi-structured processes, rationale capture, integration with other classes of process management tools (i.e. modelling and simulation tools), process re-use & re-design support and run-time exception handling. I have focused in my work on: (1) defining a representation for workflow processes that captures semi-structured processes with rationale and represents a common ground for the different classes of process management technology, and (2) defining a set of integrated coordination services for process modelling, enactment and exception handling that make use of this representation. These services build upon traditional rationale capture, conflict management and workflow technologies. Relevant references include: Klein, M. iDCSS: Integrating Workflow, Conflict and Rationale-Based Concurrent Engineering Coordination Technologies. Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications. Volume 3, Number 1, January 1995. Klein, M. Capturing Design Rationale in Concurrent Engineering Teams. IEEE Computer. Special Issue on Computer Support for Concurrent Engineering. January, 1993 Klein, M. Core Services for Coordination in Concurrent Engineering. Fourth Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE '95). Berkeley Springs, West Virginia. April 20-22, 1995. >13. CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TRADES I have worked for several years now on understanding the process of conflict management among multi-disciplinary collaborative design/concurrent engineering teams, and on developing computer-based tools to support this process. My work has included empirical studies of conflict management in small architectural and LAN design teams as well as in large-scale (aerospace) design. I have developed systems for collaborative design that use a knowledge base of generic conflict detection and conflict resolution strategies to help both human and computer-based design agents detect and find a satisfactory resolution to cross-functional conflicts as early as possible. Relevant references include: Klein, M. Computer-Supported Conflict Management in Concurrent Engineering: Introduction to Special Issue. Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications. Special Issue on Conflict Management in Concurrent Engineering. Volume 2, Number 3, December 1994. Klein, M. Supporting Conflict Management in Cooperative Design Teams. Journal on Group Decision and Negotiation. Special Issue on the 1992 Distributed AI Workshop. Volume 2, Pps 259-278, 1993. Klein, M. Supporting Conflict Resolution in Cooperative Design Systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Special Issue on Distributed Artificial Intelligence. Volume 21, Number 6, December 1991. Klein, M., Lu, S. C-Y. Conflict Resolution in Cooperative Design. The International Journal For Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. Volume 4, Number 4, Pages 168-180, 1990. Klein, M. Conflict Resolution in Cooperative Design. PhD Thesis. Technical Report No. UIUCDCS-R-89-1557. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. January 1990. US Mail: Mark Klein, PhD Information Systems Department The Applied Research Laboratory P.O. Box 30 State College, PA 16804-0030 USA Express Mail Services: Mark Klein, PhD Information Systems Department Applied Science Building Atherton Street State College, PA 16804-0030 USA Voice: (814) 863-5381 Fax: (814) 863-7841 Email: klein@quark.arl.psu.edu WWW: http://quark.arl.psu.edu/colab_home.html ============================= >From virtual-request Wed Mar 22 19:59:49 1995 Received: from campus.mor.itesm.mx by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id TAA05084; Wed, 22 Mar 1995 19:59:42 -0500 Received: by campus.mor.itesm.mx (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA14193; Wed, 22 Mar 1995 18:58:42 -0600 From: ahmed@campus.mor.itesm.mx (Ahmed H.S. Al-Ashaab) Message-Id: <9503221858.ZM52591@rs970.mor.itesm.mx> Date: Wed, 22 Mar 1995 18:58:41 -0600 In-Reply-To: P.K.Chawdhry@bath.ac.uk "Virtual Manuf Survey" (Mar 22, 9:45pm) References: <9503222145.aa17269@mary.bath.ac.uk> X-Mailer: Z-Mail (2.1.4 02apr93) To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu, nau@cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: Virtual Manuf Survey Dear Dana S. Nau I have been working in the area of manufacturing Modeling to support the application of Concurrent Engineering. I do have the below publications. PLEASE do tell me if you are interested in them and if they will be in use for you request in Virtual Manuf Survey. PUBLICATION: 1- Information Models: An Aid to Concurrency in Injection Moulded Products Design. Presented in the Winter Annual Meeting of ASME California Sep. 1992. 2- A Review of Computer Aided Simultaneous Engineering System. Accepted for Publication in the Journal of "Research in Engineering Design" April 1994. (Submitted in April 199 3). 3- A Manufacturing Model: Supporting Concurrency in Injection Moulded Products Design. The 2nd Biennial European Joint Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, 4-7/7/1994, London, UK. 4- Design for Injection Moulding in a Manufacturing Model Environment. Accepted for Publication in the Journal of Design and Manufacturing, the Inter. Journal of Concurrent Engineering, Agust 1994. (Submitted March 1994). 5- Modelling Manufacturing Process Information Using the EXPRESS Language. In Preparation. 6- Resolving Feature Interactions in Design for Injection Moulding. 10th Conference on Manufacturing Research. Loughborough, UK, Sep. 1994. 7- Computer Aided Concurrent Engineering. In the XXV Research and developing Technlogy Congres of ITESM System, January 1995, Monterry, Mexico. (In Spanish) 8- Exploiting Product Life Cycle Engineering Technologies: An Introduction. Invited Key Note Talk in the IV National Congress of Agricultural Engineering, 28-30 September 1994, Mexico. all the best Dr. Ahmed H.S. Al-Ashaab ITESM Campus Morelos Centro de Sistemas de Manufactura Division de Graduados e Investigacion Apdo.Postal 99-C C.P. 62050 CUERNAVACA MOR. MEXICO. EMail: ahmed@rs970.mor.itesm.mx Tel +52 73 14-21-28 Ext. 124 Fax +52-73 14 13 82 =========================== >From david@IME.UCLA.EDU Wed Mar 15 05:54:57 1995 Received: from ringding.cs.UMD.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA12115; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 05:54:56 -0500 Received: from mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU by ringding.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA11839; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 05:54:55 -0500 Received: from IME.UCLA.EDU by mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA15813; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 05:54:54 -0500 Received: by IME.UCLA.EDU (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03) id AA30491; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 02:54:47 -0800 Date: Wed, 15 Mar 1995 02:54:47 -0800 From: david@IME.UCLA.EDU (David Lee) Message-Id: <9503151054.AA30491@IME.UCLA.EDU> To: nau@cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: virtual manufacturing survey Cc: david@IME.UCLA.EDU Status: R Thank you for getting in touch with me regarding your survey. I'll be sending in an abstract and references. Going through the list of 13 items, the final one references Figure 3-1 as well as a final report of the user's workshop. If would be possible and appropriate, I'd appreciate getting either a fax of the figure and/or a copy of the report. I can be reached at the numbers below. David David Lee e-mail: david@ime.ucla.edu UCLA Integrated Manufacturing dlee@cs.ucla.edu Engineering Program ATTmail: (310) 206-1840 (office) 38-137 Engineering IV (310) 206-2302 (fax) Los Angeles, CA 90024-1597 (310) 839-0373 (home) =========================== >From goldberg@tumbler.usc.edu Wed Mar 15 09:58:41 1995 Received: from ringding.cs.UMD.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id JAA12212; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:58:40 -0500 Received: from mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU by ringding.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id JAA15192; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:58:39 -0500 Received: from usc.edu by mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id JAA24938; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 09:58:38 -0500 Received: from tumbler.usc.edu by usc.edu (4.1/SMI-3.0DEV3-USC+3.1) id AA07844; Wed, 15 Mar 95 06:58:37 PST Received: (goldberg@localhost) by tumbler.usc.edu (8.6.10/8.6.7+ucs) id GAA01650 for nau@cs.umd.edu; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 06:58:36 -0800 Date: Wed, 15 Mar 95 6:58:35 PST From: Ken Goldberg To: nau@cs.umd.edu Subject: Virtual Mfg Message-Id: Status: R Dear Prof. Nau, Ari Requicha forwarded your request for info on Virtual Mfg. My group has been developing geometric algorithms for mfg for the past 4 years (publications are linked to my home page) and we recently implemented a WWW interface to an industrial robot. That project, described below, was a feasibility study for the idea of controlling machines via the WWW. Would this be appropriate to your study? I am planning to do further work in this direction in the near future and would like to be added to your mailing list. Regards, Ken Ken Goldberg | goldberg@usc.edu | (213) 740-9080 | 208 Powell Hall, USC Asst. Prof of Computer Science and EE-Systems | LA, CA 90089-0273 USA Associate Director, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems University of Southern California http://www.usc.edu/users/goldberg/ "You only live once, if then." - Philip Rieff --- An inter-disciplinary team at the University of Southern California is pleased to announce Mercury Site, a WWW server that allows users to tele-operate a robot arm over the net. Users view the environment surrounding the arm via a sequence of live images taken by a CCD camera mounted on a commercial robot arm. The robot is positioned over a terrain filled with sand; a pneumatic system, also mounted on the robot, allows users to direct short bursts of compressed air into the sand at selected points. Thus users can "excavate" regions within the sand by positioning the arm, delivering a burst of air, and viewing the newly cleared region. Please see: http://www.usc.edu/dept/raiders/ ===================== >From CASWELL@dtao.acq.osd.mil Wed Mar 15 11:13:58 1995 Received: from ringding.cs.UMD.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id LAA12413; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 11:13:56 -0500 Received: from mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU by ringding.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id LAA17484; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 11:13:55 -0500 Received: from acq-ns.acq.osd.mil by mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id LAA29009; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 11:13:53 -0500 Received: from sky3a-gw.osd.mil (dtao.acq.osd.mil [134.152.233.99]) by acq-ns.acq.osd.mil (8.6.9/8.6.9) with SMTP id LAA09892; Wed, 15 Mar 1995 11:07:57 -0500 Received: by sky3a-gw.osd.mil with Microsoft Mail id <2F673B63@sky3a-gw.osd.mil>; Wed, 15 Mar 95 11:09:23 PST From: "Caswell, Dudley" To: admin , nau Cc: falteich Subject: RE: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Date: Wed, 15 Mar 95 11:10:00 PST Message-ID: <2F673B63@sky3a-gw.osd.mil> Encoding: 164 TEXT X-Mailer: Microsoft Mail V3.0 Status: R Dana I will try to answer some of your questions as soon as I am able. However, in the meantime, I have forwarded a copy to the Agility Forum, Tom Falteich, (610) 758-5515, trf4@lehigh.edu, so he can possibly link the forum's program and yours. I gather that the task you are doing is tied into the Air Force ManTech Program...True? Dudley Caswell =============================== >From mourant@meceng.coe.neu.edu Fri Mar 17 08:58:15 1995 Received: from ringding.cs.UMD.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA14912; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 08:58:14 -0500 Received: from mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU by ringding.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA07085; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 08:58:12 -0500 Received: from meceng.coe.neu.edu by mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id IAA11329; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 08:58:11 -0500 Received: (from mourant@localhost) by meceng.coe.neu.edu (8.6.9/8.6.9) id IAA19694; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 08:58:04 -0500 Date: Fri, 17 Mar 1995 08:58:04 -0500 From: Ronald Mourant Message-Id: <199503171358.IAA19694@meceng.coe.neu.edu> To: nau@cs.umd.edu, to@meceng.coe.neu.edu Subject: Virtual Manuf. Status: R Dear Dana, I have recevied your announcement of information for Virtual Manufacturing technologies and intend to reply. You mentioned the Air Force Mantech program. Could you tell me how I can get more information about this program? Thank you. You may add my name to your mailing list on virtual manufacturing. Ron Ronald R. Mourant Professor and Director Virtual Environments Laboratory Northeastern University mourant@meceng.coe.neu.edu ================================= >From goldberg@tumbler.usc.edu Fri Mar 17 15:09:15 1995 Received: from ringding.cs.UMD.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA15329; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 15:09:14 -0500 Received: from mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU by ringding.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA17865; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 15:09:13 -0500 Received: from usc.edu by mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA02142; Fri, 17 Mar 1995 15:09:09 -0500 Received: from tumbler.usc.edu by usc.edu (4.1/SMI-3.0DEV3-USC+3.1) id AA16447; Fri, 17 Mar 95 12:08:53 PST Received: (goldberg@localhost) by tumbler.usc.edu (8.6.10/8.6.7+ucs) id MAA02405 for nau@cs.UMD.EDU (Dana S. Nau); Fri, 17 Mar 1995 12:08:53 -0800 Date: Fri, 17 Mar 95 12:08:52 PST From: Ken Goldberg To: nau@cs.UMD.EDU (Dana S. Nau) Subject: Re: Virtual Mfg In-Reply-To: Your message of Wed, 15 Mar 1995 10:45:53 -0500 Message-Id: Status: R Thank Dana, Please keep me posted on the WWW site. BTW, is there a URL for it yet? Ken ====================================== >From fukuda@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp Sat Mar 18 05:26:58 1995 Received: from ringding.cs.UMD.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA00711; Sat, 18 Mar 1995 05:26:56 -0500 Received: from mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU by ringding.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA00968; Sat, 18 Mar 1995 05:26:54 -0500 Received: from tmitns.tmit.ac.jp by mimsy.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA14518; Sat, 18 Mar 1995 05:26:51 -0500 Received: from tmitnet.tmit.ac.jp by tmitns.tmit.ac.jp (5.0/3.3W894112218) id AA23571; Sat, 18 Mar 1995 19:27:00 --900 Received: from mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp by tmitnet.tmit.ac.jp (4.1/6.4J.6-tmit2.1) id AA21315; Sat, 18 Mar 95 19:29:21 JST Received: by mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp (4.0/6.4J.6) id AA00324; Sat, 18 Mar 95 19:29:38 JST Date: Sat, 18 Mar 95 19:29:38 JST From: fukuda@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp (fukuda) Message-Id: <9503181029.AA00324@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp> To: nau%cs.umd.edu@tmitnet.tmit.ac.jp Subject: virtual manufacturing survey content-length: 469 Status: R Dear Dana, Thanks for the information. We are working in this field , too. I will send you an e-mail to answer your request, later. This is just to keep me listed on your e-mail list of virtual manufacturing researchers. Thanks again. Shuichi (Prof.Shuichi Fukuda) Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology Department of Management Engineering 6-6, Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191, JAPAN tel:+81-425-83-5111 ext.3605 fax:+81-425-83-5119 e-mail : fukuda@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp ================================= >From virtual-request Thu Mar 23 03:20:35 1995 Received: from pebbles.isd.uni-stuttgart.de by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id DAA05433; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 03:20:31 -0500 Received: by pebbles.isd.uni-stuttgart.de id AA20688 (5.67b8/IDA-1.5 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu); Thu, 23 Mar 1995 09:20:26 +0100 From: Stephan Rudolph Message-Id: <199503230820.AA20688@pebbles.isd.uni-stuttgart.de> Subject: research in design methodology To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 09:20:25 +0100 (MET) X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL23] Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Content-Length: 902 I do research on design methodology and wrote my PhD on a systematic design evaluation method. Abstract (engl.) available via: http://www.isd.uni-stuttgart.de/dissertationen/rudolph.html Full english version of my PhD may be ordered via FAX from: +-----------------------------------------------+ | << erare computatum est >> | +-----------------------------------------------+ | Stephan Rudolph | | | | Institut fuer Statik und Dynamik der | | Luft- und Raumfahrtkonstruktionen | | Pfaffenwaldring 27 | | D-70569 Stuttgart | | GERMANY Fax.(++49) (711) 685-3706 | | Tel.(++49) (711) 685-3799 | | e-mail: rudolph@isd.uni-stuttgart.de | +-----------------------------------------------+ ============================ >From virtual-request Thu Mar 23 05:42:57 1995 Received: from titan.mech.port.ac.uk by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA05507; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 05:42:52 -0500 Received: from eng_1.mech.port.ac.uk by titan.mech.port.ac.uk with SMTP (1.37.109.15/16.2) id AA137405347; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 10:42:27 GMT Received: from ENG_1/SpoolDir by eng_1.mech.port.ac.uk (Mercury 1.13); Thu, 23 Mar 95 10:43:34 BST Received: from SpoolDir by ENG_1 (Mercury 1.13); Thu, 23 Mar 95 10:43:04 BST From: "Dr Mark Jaques - Research" Organization: University of Portsmouth To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 10:42:59 BST Subject: Virtual Manufacturing survey X-Pmrqc: 1 Priority: normal X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail/Windows (v1.11a) Message-Id: <4BB5E618CE@eng_1.mech.port.ac.uk> Dr Mark W. S. JAQUES DipEng,BEng(Hons),MSc,PhD Virtual Design Group Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering University of Portsmouth UK Tel 01705 842375 Fax 01705 842351 E-mail MWSJ@Mech.port.ac.uk Title of Current Research Program:- 'MODEL INTEGRATION WITHIN A DESIGN BY VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT' Project Aims To research the new 'design by virtual manufacturing approach' in order to integrate the disparate models of cost, time, geometry and physics, which form its basis. To verify the integration methodology, by means of a flexible forming system, through the production of a range of metallic fastenings, from the virtual manufacturing design data. Introduction A number of approaches have been used in the past to integrate the design and manufacturing tasks, such as feature based modelling, or feature recognition systems but these have met with limited success, either requiring input from a process planner or restricting the designer to a number of predesign features. A new approach was developed by Jaques and Billingsley entitled design by manufacturing simulation. Within this new approach manufacturing modes are used as the primary input to design. By directly actuating a simulation of machine tools and displaying the response of the material to this machine tool action, manufacturing constraints are captured at the design stage. Both manufacturing and design data are generated concurrently, leading to reduction in prototyping development lead times. This Virtual Manufacturing System consists of a number of independent models of:- geometry, cost, time and physical constraints. The integration of these models requires a vast quantity of manual input and human interpretation. It is the integration of these models which forms the basis of the research. Other areas of interest Parallel processing and its application to real time finite element analysis, Model integration, Acoustic modelling, Forming technology and Concurrent Engineering Virtual Manufacturing publications 1) JAQUES M.W.S, Billingsley J, and Harrison D.J.'Generative feature based design by constraints as a means of integration within manufacturing industries", Computer Aided Engineering Journal, V8, N6, Jan 1991, pp 261-267. 2) Harrison D.J, Jaques M.W.S and Strickland P.'Design By Manufacturing Simulation Using a Glove Input',In Virtual Reality in Engineering, Ed Wariwick K., IEE computing series 20,UK. 1993 3) Jaques M.W.S. 'Design by Manufacturing Simulation', PhD Thesis, University of Portsmouth, UK, 1993 4) Jaques M.W.S. and Harrison D.J. 'Using Gestures to interface with a virtual manufacturing package'Interfacing to real and virtual worlds, 3rd international conference, Montpellier, 1994 5) Jaques M.W.S., Oliver T.J. and Strickland P., "Rapid prototyping through manufacturing simulation", TTI conference 18-20 July 1994,London 6) Jaques M.W.S., Oliver T.J. and Strickland P., "Simultaneous design and evalutaion through manufacturing process simulation", Factory 2000, 3-5 October 1994, IEE, York 7) Jaques M.W.S, Strickland P. and Oliver T.J., "Design by manufacturing simulation: virtual reality meets concurrent engineering", Joint British-Hungarian Mechatronics conference, september 1994, Hungary 8) Jaques M.W.S, Simpson T, Strickland P. and Oliver T.J., "Interfacing geometric and physical models in a virtual manufacturing environment", Inteligent Systems Engineering Int. Conf, Stuttgart, 5-8 September 1994. 9) Jaques M.W.S, Strickland P. and Oliver T.J., "Interfacing geometric and physical models in a manufacturing simulation system", IEE Proceedings, Control Theory and Applicationsl, 1995 10) Jaques M.W.S and Harisson D.J., "Experiments in Virtual Reality", Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, UK. =========================== >From virtual-request Thu Mar 23 12:26:25 1995 Received: from mail1.its.rpi.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id MAA05631; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:26:25 -0500 Received: from rebecca.its.rpi.edu (rebecca.its.rpi.edu [128.113.75.10]) by mail1.its.rpi.edu (8.6.9/8.6.4) with ESMTP id MAA21943 for ; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:26:15 -0500 From: Robert Graves Received: (graver@localhost) by rebecca.its.rpi.edu (8.6.9/8.6.4) id MAA00151 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:26:13 -0500 Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 12:26:13 -0500 Message-Id: <199503231726.MAA00151@rebecca.its.rpi.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Requested Information _____________________________________________________________________________ RENSSELAER'S ELECTRONICS AGILE MANUFACTURING RESEARCH INSTITUTE Electronics is a major element of nearly every product sector including automotive, communications, computers, consumer products and defense. The competitive pressures for greater functionality and higher performance has forced electronics designers to utilize novel, high density packaging technologies to provide their products with a competitive edge. At the same time, this rapid evolution of device packaging technology poses new and difficult challenges to the design and manufacturing operations in these industries. There are several considerations which predominantly affect the decisions of today's electronics designers. First, high density packaging technologies offer a competitive edge in speed and performance, but involve higher manufacturing risk. Second, high density packaging processes such as surface mount technologies and multichip module interconnection require the use of automation for their development and implementation. Third, systematic test and inspection approaches must be designed and integrated into the manufacturing operations. Fourth, electronics enterprises are increasingly distributed, organizationally and geographically, as design, manufacturing, and market efforts are focused on local centers of expertise with sophisticated communications links. These considerations challenge us to help bridge the gap between design and manufacture of electronics, and Rensselaer's Electronics Agile Manufacturing Research Institute (Rensselaer-EAMRI) is a direct response to this challenge. The demands of global competition will require electronics manufacturing enterprises that focus on shorter cycle times, lower volume production runs, greater product variety and customization, higher quality, and closer coupling among suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. Agile manufacturing provides a conceptual framework to approach these problems through flexibility in technologies and organizations and improved information infrastructure. The Rensselaer-EAMRI provides a national focus for the development and interchange of methods to enable adoption of agile manufacturing in the U.S. electronics industry. The Rensselaer-EAMRI highlights two major themes: Distributed Electronics Manufacturing Information Infrastructure and Networks PUBLICATION SERIES TR: Technical Report Series (access may be restricted) R: Report (access may be restricted) P: Paper Series TR94-1 "Integrating CORBA and STEP Technologies for Electronics Agile Manufacturing", Ray Ruixiang Liu, January 1995. R94-1 R. J. Graves, D. L. Millard, and A.C. Sanderson, "EAMRI Operational Plan", December 15, 1994. R95-1 R. J. Graves, D. L. Millard, and A. C. Sanderson, "EAMRI Progress Report", February 15, 1995. P94-1 " Multipath Agility in Electronics Manufacturing", Arthur C. Sanderson, Robert J. Graves, and Don L. Millard, 1994 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. P95-1 "Rensselaer's Electronics Agile Manufacturing Research Institute", Robert J. Graves, and Arthur C. Sanderson, Proceedings of the 1995 NSF Design and Manufacturing Grantee's Conference LaJolla, CA, January 4-6, 1995, pg 103-104. P95-2 "Evolutionary Speciation Using Minimal Reprsentation Size Clustering", Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming, Cem Hocaoglu and Arthur C. Sanderson, December 23, 1994. P95-3 "Assessment of Agile Manufacturing for the Electronics Sector", Ronald J. Gutmann, and Robert J. Graves, Proceedings of the Agility Forum, Atlanta, GA, March 7-9, 1995. P95-4 "Future Packaging of Integrated Circuit Chips-An Opportunity for Agility in the Electronics Sector", Ronald J. Gutmann, and Don L. Millard, Proceedings of the Agility Forum, Atlanta, GA, March 7-9, 1995. EAMRI Home Page http://www.dmi.rpi.edu/research/EAMRI/EAMRI.html ========================================= >From virtual-request Thu Mar 23 14:31:40 1995 Received: from holodeck.cc.vt.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id OAA05831; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 14:31:38 -0500 Received: from tioli.ise.vt.edu by holodeck.cc.vt.edu with SMTP (8.6.10/16.2) id OAA21610; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 14:31:36 -0500 Received: by tioli.ise.vt.edu (5.0/SMI-SVR4) id AA03100; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 14:32:12 +0500 Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 14:32:12 +0500 From: jacobson@tioli.ise.vt.edu (Sheldon H. Jacobson) Message-Id: <9503231932.AA03100@tioli.ise.vt.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Virtial Simulation Posting Cc: jacobson@tioli.ise.vt.edu X-Sun-Charset: US-ASCII content-length: 3067 23 March 1995 Dana S. Nau Computer Science Department and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu As per your request, here is an abstract of my research that relates to virtual manufacturing. My work focuses on discrete event simulation modelling and analysis, and how it can be used to improve manufacturing processes. I do not have a WWW page at this time to reference for this work. TITLE: Analyzing Discrete Event Simulation Models of Complex Manufacturing Systems: a Computational Complexity Approach PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Sheldon H. Jacobson Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering 302 Whittemore Hall, Mail Stop 0118 Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061-0118 jacobson@vt.edu SUPPORT: Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-95-1-0124) National Science Foundation (DMI-9409266) ABSTRACT: Discrete-event computer simulation is a powerful modeling tool for analyzing complex systems that cannot be studied analytically. The value of simulation depends on how effectively and efficiently one can build and utilize the simulation model to gain insights into complex, real-world systems. The goal of this project is to introduce a new set of tools for building and analyzing simulation models of complex systems, with a particular emphasis on manufacturing processes for turbine engine parts, under development at Wright Laboratory (Materials Process Design Branch). The basic research question to be considered is: Given a complex manufacturing system, where the different processes and operations can be modeled using discrete event simulation model events, is it possible to determine the sequence of processes and operations, hence events, that results in finished products with prespecified attributes and output measures? The attributes and measures of such manufacturing processes typically involve physical and operational properties of the finished products, as well as metrics for affordability, predictability, and repeatability of the outputs. Research questions of this type are often addressed using adhoc procedures and problem-specific approaches. This project uses the theory of computational complexity to provide a framework to study these research questions, as well as construct new heuristic algorithms to address them. These heuristics involve simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and tabu search. These three heuristics will be cross-fertilized, resulting in hybrid approaches, as well as enhanced to exploit any special structure offered by the manufacturing problems. REFERENCES (as of 3/15/95): Jacobson, S.H., and Yucesan, E., 1995, "Intractability Results in Discrete-Event Simulation", To Appear in Recherche Operationelle. Jacobson, S.H., and Yucesan, E., 1995, "On the Intractability of Verifying Structural Properties of Discrete Event Simulation Models", Technical Report, Virginia Tech. ========================= >From virtual-request Thu Mar 23 14:47:54 1995 Received: from sun2.nsfnet-relay.ac.uk by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id OAA05846; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 14:47:43 -0500 Via: uk.ac.hull; Thu, 23 Mar 1995 18:04:47 +0000 Received: from fs1.edm.hull.ac.uk by gilbert.ucc.hull.ac.uk with SMTP (PP); Thu, 23 Mar 1995 18:04:36 +0000 Received: from EDM/MERCURYQ by fs1.edm.hull.ac.uk (Mercury 1.11); Thu, 23 Mar 95 18:02:40 Received: from MERCURYQ by EDM (Mercury 1.11); Thu, 23 Mar 95 18:02:14 From: Guang Zhong Organization: University of Hull, EDM To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Date: Thu, 23 Mar 1995 18:02:11 Priority: normal X-mailer: Pegasus Mail/Windows (v1.11a) Message-ID: <33F7E747D7@fs1.edm.hull.ac.uk> Greetings! I have been carrying out research in computer aided conceptual design. As a result of the research a prototype of configuration system for mechanical fasteners has been developed with support from a local manufacture. Five papers from this research have been published. My main research effort has been focusing on integrating visualisation, qualitative and case-based reasoning techniques to provide conceptual design a formal computer support. In the prototype system being developed, visualisation supports conceptual design in two aspects: external and internal. To assist solution exploration, 'intelligent icons' are developed to allow engineers to view concepts, forms, proportions and interrelationships of the features, and to modify and manipulate these icons in a free way. The system provides feature, function and fastener icon libraries. The feature icons allow engineers to visualise cognitively the appearance, structure and spatial relationships of a proposed configuration and its generating process for aiding him or she to organise thoughts, record ideas, formulate solutions, and stimulating his/her imagination and creativity. The approximate shape and appearance of features is specified with the 'guiding' points on which the engineer can use the mouse to directly change the shape and size of the icon so that the geometric changes are constrained within a reasonable range in order to eliminate or minimise the difficulty of interpreting arbitrary modification on the icons. It is a quick and effective means to produce a visible candidate without depending on the engineer's informal drawing skills required in practice. It is also believed that such an visualisation may form an interface between conceptual design and detail design, and be used as a basis for further detail design. Corresponding to the icons are underlying cases and qualitative models. Case-based reasoning and qualitative reasoning techniques are integrated for representing and generating models of features and fastener candidates, and for evaluating them. The integrating of visualisation and hybrid (case-based and qualitative) reasoning makes knowledge base maintenance easier. Visualisation, in the prototype, is also provided to show (at an abstract level) the cause-effect relationships between features and performance. This is refer to as a nodal model implemented by hypermedia technique. The nodal model provides engineers a "window" to observe, interrogate and update the underlying abstract structure of a proposed design so as to formalise, complement and enrich their understanding of knowledge domain. ToolBook providing the implementation of the graphic design interface for icon based design and nodal model navigation. The knowledge base and hybrid reasoning mechanism are implemented in Kappa-PC. My research is relevant to the area listed below: >1. VISUALIZATION: The representation of information to the user in a way >that is meaningful and easily comprehensible. In addition to graphical >user interfaces (GUIs) and virtual reality technologies, this technical >area includes information distillation, aggregation and autointerpretation. If someone is interested in for more detailed information about my work, please contact me directly. I will try to make the information be available in my department URL in a few months. Hope it would be helpful to your study. Best regards. G. Zhong +--------------------------------------------------------------------- | Guang Zhong (g.zhong@engineering.hull.ac.uk) | Department of Engineering Design & Manufacture | The University of Hull | HULL, HU6 7RX Tel: +44 482-466527 | United Kingdom Fax: +44 482-466533 +--------------------------------------------------------------------- ============================= >From virtual-request Fri Mar 24 15:54:04 1995 Received: from cis.Stanford.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA00665; Fri, 24 Mar 1995 15:54:03 -0500 Received: by cis.Stanford.EDU (5.57/Ultrix2.4-C) id AA23533; Fri, 24 Mar 95 12:53:55 PST Date: Fri, 24 Mar 95 12:53:55 PST From: losleben@cis.stanford.edu (Paul Losleben) Message-Id: <9503242053.AA23533@cis.Stanford.EDU> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Yes, we are just completing a 10 year program on Semiconductor Manufacturing. You can find the abstract and other information requested at: http://www-mansci.stanford.edu/mansci/ (I believe we are the first to coin the expression "virtual factory.") We will probably be adding the final report elements of this directory in a month or so. We are now embarking on a major new program which also has a large component relating to simulation and modeling of advanced micro- and nanostructures and the processes used to produce them. It is still sparcely populated, but you might find the following interesting: http://aramis.stanford.edu/comproto_home.html This is a temporary server and will be relocated to another machine in about a month. Cheers, ...Paul =============================== >From virtual-request Fri Mar 24 23:49:12 1995 Received: from ie.engr.wisc.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id XAA00804; Fri, 24 Mar 1995 23:49:11 -0500 Received: from [144.92.180.43] (F180-043.net.wisc.edu) by ie.engr.wisc.edu (4.1/25) id AA08094; Fri, 24 Mar 95 22:47:00 CST Date: Fri, 24 Mar 95 22:46:58 CST Message-Id: <9503250447.AA08094@ie.engr.wisc.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: gadh@engr.wisc.edu (Rajit Gadh) X-Sender: gadh@ie.engr.wisc.edu Subject: Virtual Manufacturing for air-force mantech study Cc: gadh@ie.engr.wisc.edu COVIRDS: A CONCEPTUAL VIRTUAL DESIGN SYSTEM Tushar H. Dani (Doctoral Student) and Professor Rajit Gadh Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 email: tushar@smartcad.me.wisc.edu, gadh@engr.wisc.edu ABSTRACT The current research provides and approach to the development of a computer system architecture for mechanical conceptual design within a virtual environment -- COVIRDS (COnceptual VIRtual Design System). Conceptual design refers to the creation of an initial shape of a part or artifact that is being designed. During conceptual design, product specifications are not rigidly defined and the designer has some freedom in determining the features of the product. Currently, however Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) systems require the designer to specify detailed geometry of the part even though the final part may be significantly different from the preliminary concept designed. COVIRDS provides an interactive three dimensional (3D) environment for designing, where the designer can use a combination of hand gestures, voice input, and keyboard input to create and view a 3D artifact. REFERENCES [Pimental] Pimental, K., Teixeira K., 'Virtual Reality: Through the New looking glass', Intel/Windcrest/McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 1993. [Ressler94] Ressler, S., Virtual Reality for Manufacturing - Case Studies, WWW Document, URL - http:// nemo.ncsl.nist.gov/ ~sressler/ projects/ mfg/ mfgVRcases.html World Wide Web Locator - url: http://smartcad.me.wisc.edu ===================================== >From virtual-request Fri Mar 24 23:51:04 1995 Received: from ie.engr.wisc.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id XAA00808; Fri, 24 Mar 1995 23:51:03 -0500 Received: from [144.92.180.43] (F180-043.net.wisc.edu) by ie.engr.wisc.edu (4.1/25) id AA08104; Fri, 24 Mar 95 22:48:55 CST Date: Fri, 24 Mar 95 22:48:53 CST Message-Id: <9503250448.AA08104@ie.engr.wisc.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: gadh@engr.wisc.edu (Rajit Gadh) X-Sender: gadh@ie.engr.wisc.edu Subject: PREVIOUS EMAIL HAS SOME INFORMATION MISSING In my previous email on COVIRDS, I forgot to include the area, it is: 2. ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: Thanks. Rajit Gadh ****************************************************************************** Rajit Gadh, PhD, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DIRECTOR Mechanical Engineering Department I-CARVE LAB 347 Mechanical Engineering Building University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 office phone: (608) 262 9058 e-mail: gadh@engr.wisc.edu fax: (608) 265 2316 World Wide Web Locator - url: http://smartcad.me.wisc.edu **************************************************************************** ========================= >From virtual-request Sat Mar 25 00:06:00 1995 Received: from ie.engr.wisc.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id AAA00818; Sat, 25 Mar 1995 00:05:59 -0500 Received: from [144.92.180.43] (F180-043.net.wisc.edu) by ie.engr.wisc.edu (4.1/25) id AA08157; Fri, 24 Mar 95 23:03:50 CST Date: Fri, 24 Mar 95 23:03:49 CST Message-Id: <9503250503.AA08157@ie.engr.wisc.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: gadh@engr.wisc.edu (Rajit Gadh) X-Sender: gadh@ie.engr.wisc.edu Subject: Virtual Manufacturing for air-force mantech study Ratnakar Sonthi (Doctoral Student) and Professor Rajit Gadh Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706 email: ratnakar@smartcad.me.wisc.edu, gadh@engr.wisc.edu TITLE: Shape Feature Extraction from Non-linear solid models in Design-Manufacturing Integration An approach to feature extraction from non-linear solid models is being developed that attempts to resolve the following typical problems in most feature extraction approaches : 1) Variation in topology among features, 2) Variation in geometry among features, and 3) Exponential complexity of most feature recognition algorithms. The approach utilizes a unique definition of features in terms of projections and depressions. Once features are recognized, they are represented within a feature relationships network, which is used as input by a knowledge-based expert system to evaluate manufacturability of a part design. Applications include injection molding, die-casting and forging. AREA: 3) Modeling techniques World Wide Web Locator - url: http://smartcad.me.wisc.edu ============================= >From virtual-request Mon Mar 27 13:42:48 1995 Received: from umr.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id NAA01991; Mon, 27 Mar 1995 13:42:45 -0500 Received: from [131.151.16.69] (liou-mac.maem.umr.edu [131.151.16.69]) via SMTP by hermes.cc.umr.edu (8.6.9/E.3.06) id MAA15357; Mon, 27 Mar 1995 12:42:33 -0600 Date: Mon, 27 Mar 1995 12:42:33 -0600 Message-Id: Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: liou@umr.edu (Frank Liou) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana, Thank you for your information about virtual manufacturing. Listed below is my response to your request. Please let me know if you need further information. > >In your email, include the following information: > >- a 150- to 200-word abstract of your work and how it is relevant to > the areas listed below; Below is part of a news report, hopefully it can fit your need. UM-ROLLA RESEARCHERS CREATING "VIRTUAL" SYSTEM TO IMPROVE NEW PRODUCT DESIGN December 20, 1994 Contact: Andrew Careaga Phone: 314-341-4328 The virtual factory -- where products and the systems used to manufacture them can be designed and tested on a computer -- is not as far-fetched as it sounds, according to two University of Missouri-Rolla researchers creating software to improve the early stages of new product development. The most costly stage of making new products involves making and testing a physical model of a design concept, says Dr. Frank Liou, a UMR associate professor of mechanical engineering. Liou and Dr. Bruce McMillin, a UMR associate professor of computer science, are working with Software Systems Specialists Inc. of St. Louis to develop software to create a virtual environment for testing these designs. The process would save time and materials while creating computer-simulated conditions that are "very close to the real world" of a production line. With this process we can save time during the design stage, and we can eliminate a lot of poor designs at the early stages. > >- a list of relevant references; "Virtual System Lets You Test Product Design," Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan. 15, 1995, pp.1-2. Yong Fang and F.W. Liou,"Computer Simulation of Three-Dimensional Mechanical Assemblies, Part I. General Formulation," Proceedings of the 1993 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, Vol 1, pp.579-587. T.C. Chou and F.W. Liou,"Computer Simulation of Three-Dimensional Mechanical Assemblies, Part II. Computer Simulation," Proceedings of the 1993 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference, Vol 1, pp.589-596. Yong Fang and F.W. Liou,"Feature-Based Dynamic Analysis of Mechanisms," Proceedings of the 1993 Applied Mechanisms & Robotics Conference, IXB 1-1 to 1-7, 1993. F.W. Liou and T.C. Chou,"An Advanced Motion Simulation System for Mechanical Assemblies," Proceedings of the 1994 NSF Design and Manufacturing Grantees Conference, pp177-178, 1994. Yong Fang and F. W. Liou,"Geometric Modeling and Simulation of Mechanical Assemblies with Elastic Components," Proceedings of the Design Technical Conferences, DE-Vol. 69-1, pp. 45-53, September 11-14, 1994. Yong Fang and F. W. Liou,"An Interactive Design Tool for Part-Orienting Systems," Proceedings of the 1995 NSF Design and Manufacturing Grantees Conference, pp99-100, 1995. Yong Fang and F. W. Liou, "Dynamic Analysis of Three Dimensional Multi-body systems with Elastic components,"Computers and Structures, to appear. Yong Fang and F. W. Liou,"Interactive Geometric Modeling and Simulation of Manufacturing Systems," Integrated Product, Process, and Enterprise Design, Chapman & Hall, edited by Ben Wang, to appear. > >- if possible, a URL for a world-wide-web or anonymous ftp site where > interested parties can retrieve more detailed information about your > work. > Here is my world-wide-web address. However, we are still in the process of putting info. into this account. We expect to have at least text info. by the end of April. http://gearbox.maem.umr.edu/personal/liou/liou.htm Frank Liou Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla, MO 65401 TEL: (314)341-4603 FAX: (314)341-4607 E-MAIL: liou@umr.edu ========================= >From virtual-request Tue Mar 28 10:40:05 1995 Received: from pearl.tufts.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id KAA02434; Tue, 28 Mar 1995 10:40:05 -0500 From: CDOUMANI@PEARL.TUFTS.EDU Received: from PEARL.TUFTS.EDU by PEARL.TUFTS.EDU (PMDF V4.3-13 #4561) id <01HONZ1W1EUE9PR3AV@PEARL.TUFTS.EDU>; Tue, 28 Mar 1995 10:40:03 -0500 (EST) Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 10:40:03 -0500 (EST) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Message-id: <01HONZ1W1EUG9PR3AV@PEARL.TUFTS.EDU> X-VMS-To: IN%"virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu" MIME-version: 1.0 Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT Dear Prof. Nau: This is in response to your inquiry about research in the area of virtual manufacturing. My work on Scanned Thermal Rapid Prototyping is currently supported by a NSF Young Investigator Award and a grant from the SME Education Foundation, and is closest to the topic areas of Simulation (area 7) and Manufacturing Characterization (Area 10) of your survey. Scanned Thermal Rapid Prototyping addresses the challenge of simultaneous simulation and control of the part geometry and thermal state, in rapiud prototyping methods with combined mass and heat transfer. Conventional Rapid Prototyping techniques with off-line scheduling of the source path can not cope with disturbances of the material and process conditions, resulting in poor dimensional tolerances, unacceptable material structure and properties and residual stresses or distortions of the prototype. In Scanned Thermal Rapid Prototyping, involving material removal (e.g. laminated object manufacturing, Laser milling) or addition (fused material deposition, thermal spray techniques) in successive layers, the heat source (Laser or plasma arc) and material supply (wire feed or spray nozzle) scan the top surface of the part in a real-time controlled trajectory, to deposit a new material layer. The layered profile shape is measured in-process by a 3-D scanning (Laser stripe) optical system, while the temperature field is monitored by an infrared pyrometry camera. The geometric and thermal data are integrated by the computer-controller that modulates the source power and material feed, and drives the source in a n optimized scanned motion trajectory. This thermogeometrical feedback control drastically improves the quality and productivity of rapid prototyping methods, especially when a small number of functional prototypes is desired to be produced directly on the RP device. This offres a competitive alternative to conventional part production by dedicated dies. References on the simulation mdeling and virtual manufacturing techniques are: C. Doumanidis, "Thermal Manufacturing Process Control by Lumped MIMO and Distributed-Parameter Methods", ASME J. of Dynamic Suystems, Measurement and Control (accepted April 1994). C. Doumanidis, "Robust Multivariable Control and Simulation of Time-Varying Thermal Manufacturing Processes", IASTED Intl. Colnf. on Modelling and Simulation, Pittsburgh, PA, April 1995. C. Doumanidis, "Heat Treatment Control by Polytope Methods", American Control Conference 1995, Seattle, WA, June 1995. C. Doumanidis, "Real-Time Optimization of Thermal Eigenstructure in Manufa- cturing Process Modeling and Control", 10th Intl. Conf. on Math. and Comp. Modelling and Scientific Computing, Boston, MA, July 1995. C. Doumanidis, B. Marquis, "Thermally Optimal Design by Simulation of Scanned Material Processing Methods", IASTED Intl. Conf. on Applied Modelling, Simulation and Optimization, Cancun, Mexico, June 1995. C. Doumanidis, "Automated Guidance of the Heat Source Motion in Robotic Thermal Materials Processing", IASTED Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Manufactu- ring, Cancun, Mexico, June 1995. ===================================== >From virtual-request Tue Mar 28 15:44:54 1995 Received: from zephyr.isi.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA02528; Tue, 28 Mar 1995 15:44:50 -0500 Received: from nic.isi.edu by zephyr.isi.edu (5.65c/5.61+local-17) id ; Tue, 28 Mar 1995 12:44:43 -0800 Date: Tue, 28 Mar 1995 12:44:43 -0800 Message-Id: <199503282044.AA01439@zephyr.isi.edu> X-Sender: grossman@zephyr.isi.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: grossman@isi.edu (David Grossman) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: will@ISI.EDU X-Mailer: Dana S. Nau - Here is my response to your study on virtual manufacturing technologies. Please make sure that the following names are on your mailing list to receive information from you as your study proceeds. - David Grossman grossman@isi.edu - Peter Will will@isi.edu - Mohsin Beg mohsin@isi.edu - Victor Lee vilee@isi.edu Thank you. -------------- http://irobot.isi.edu/flex/flexmain.html FLEXIBLE ENSEMBLE MANUFACTURING - David Grossman and Peter Will USC/Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey, CA 90292 - Supported by ARPA/ESTO contract # DABT 63-92-C-0052. ABSTRACT: Typical electronics assembly plants have over 100 immediate suppliers, each with 100 suppliers, and so forth. The overall supply network includes thousands of companies, each using computers to manage production information. Over 80 vendors sell software that helps to schedule manufacturing and to control inventories. Nevertheless, US electronic equipment companies spend over $30B each year on manufacturing overhead, and have inventories of over $25B. Our project is concerned with production scheduling in a manufacturing supply network. Our goal is to provide a higher level of software that bridges between local production information systems, so that scheduling and inventory control can be more automated, faster, and better. Central to our work is the need to maintain the confidentiality of local production data, since supply networks consist of autonomous, competing companies. Additionally, our work strives for compatibility with evolving trends in Electronic Commerce. The main topics we are working on are methods for: - Exchanging "Just-Enough-Information" for global scheduling - Local, coarse, real time capacity management - Pricing, qualification, and negotiation We have invented a Demand-Availability-Order (DAO) algorithm that can be recursively distributed across the supply network. It combines features from prior MRP, Kanban, and Reorder Point methodologies, while avoiding some of their pitfalls. Simulations are highly encouraging; we also have some analytic results. A paper will be available in the near future. We are now starting to build systems to implement these methods. ---------------- I have some difficulty matching our work against your taxonomy: It most closely matches your area 6-Integrating Infrastucture & Architecture, except that our work is more specialized than what you probably mean by those terms. Our work also relates strongly to your areas 8-Methodology and 9-Integration of Legacy Data. To a lesser extent, our work relates to your areas 2-Environment Construction Technologies, 7-Simulation, and 11-Verification, Validation & Measurement. There is a slight link to 12-Workflow. ---------------- Dave Grossman 310-822-1511 USC/Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey CA 90292 =================================== >From virtual-request Wed Mar 29 02:43:15 1995 Received: from vtws01 by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id CAA03121; Wed, 29 Mar 1995 02:43:01 -0500 Received: from vtpc160 ([129.241.13.195]) by vtws01 with SMTP id AA01694 (5.65c8/IDA-1.4.4 for ); Wed, 29 Mar 1995 09:45:17 +0200 Message-Id: <199503290745.AA01694@vtws01> X-Sender: ivarb@vtws01.protek.unit.no Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Date: Wed, 29 Mar 1995 09:45:53 +0100 To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: Ivar.Blikoe@protek.unit.no (Ivar Blik\x) Subject: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Cc: KWI@ipl.nl X-Mailer: X-Charset: ASCII X-Char-Esc: 29 Short presentation: SINTEF Production Engineering SINTEF (The Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at The Norwegian Institute of Technology) performs contract research and development for industry and the public sector. 1250 of the SINTEF group's 2140 employees in Trondheim, Oslo and Mo i Rana are researchers. SINTEF is the largest independent research organization in Scandinavia and serves both Norwegian and foreign clients. The SINTEF group had a total turnover of 188 MECU in 1993. Contracts for industry and the public sector accounted for 78% of the operating revenues. SINTEF has its roots from the Norwegian institute of technology (NTH). The group cooperates closely both with NTH and the rest of the University of Trondheim. The SINTEF group also cooperates with the University of Oslo. SINTEF Production Engineering has 45 employees. R&D activities and industrial applications are performed in different areas. Of interest for this project are: - Section for Production Systems - Computer aided product development - 3D modeling - Rapid prototyping (layer manufacturing technology - LMT) - Complex machining - Technology planning - Manufacturing processes - Machine tools - Robot technology - Information modeling - Product, process and enterprise modeling =09 - Section for Production Management - Production planning and control - Logistics - Modeling and Simulation - Project Management =09 - Total Quality Management - Productivity Management - Business Process Reengineering - Benchmarking - Self Assessment - Productivity Center - Productivity analysis - Benchmarking ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- Virtual Manufacturing: The topics related to this aspect are of great interest for our department. We are now working with a project of Enterprise Modeling, MNEMOS (described later), and as a part of own strategic competence development, we have started a research program on Virtual Manufacturing. In addition we work with proposals related to methodology and modeling of Business Processes. relevant work: SINTEF Production Engineering are involved in project with relations to Virtual Production. A research program for the next 3 years will work with Enterprise Modeling. Reliable models are necessary as tools and decision platforms for philosophies as Concurrent Engineering, Business Process Reengineering and Virtual Manufacturing.=20 Our work will contribute to Methodology, Generic Models, Modeling technology and Simulation of a Virtual Enterprise. The work is supported by the Norwegian Research Council.=20 The work has just started, and key results from MNEMOS will be implemented. MNEMOS is a EUREKA project addressing corporate memory. It is planned for four years, and started in 1994.=20 The major objective of MNEMOS project is to develop a new generation of information systems to increase the competitively of the enterprise through a better circulation of the corporate knowledge, a more efficient management and support to the human creativity processes.=20 Such a project is more than a pure technological development; it integrates the organization of the work and the computer sciences, the knowledge management and the human behavior, the semantic oriented techniques and the risk analysis.=20 During 1994, the Norwegian partners (AT&T GIS, NFT, Raufoss, SINTEF) have focused on methodology and tool support for construction of active knowledge models, and construction of models at the two application providers (NFT and Raufoss). The Norwegian part is funded by the Norwegian Research Council and the partners.=20 In 1995, the French partners (Matra Marconi Space, Aerospatial, BULL, Cedria, University of Rouen) have joined the project. The French part is funded by the French Ministry of Industry and the partners.=20 More info on : http://www.delab.sintef.no/MNEMOS/dir.html I hope this will contribute to the exchange of information regarding Virtual Manufacturing. Forwarded to: - dr. ir. Rob Kwikkers=20 Best regards Ivar Blik=F8 M.Sc. SINTEF Production Engineering Ivar Bliko Rich. Birkelands vei 2B Tel. +47 73 59 31 38 N-7034 TRONDHEIM Dir. line +47 73 59 29 48 NORWAY Fax +47 73 59 70 43 ========================= >From virtual-request Thu Mar 30 04:57:54 1995 Received: from mailhost.lut.ac.uk by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id EAA03858; Thu, 30 Mar 1995 04:57:31 -0500 Received: from enrimy.lut.ac.uk by hpd.lut.ac.uk (15.11/SMI-4.1) id AA09183; Thu, 30 Mar 95 10:56:09 bst Date: Thu, 30 Mar 95 10:56:09 bst Message-Id: <9503300956.AA09183@hpd.lut.ac.uk> X-Sender: enriy@hpd Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: R.I.Young@lut.ac.uk (Bob Young) Subject: virtual manufacturing survey X-Mailer: The results of your survey should be very interesting. The following is a description of our current research. Our research is focused on Manufacturing Modelling. This has at the centre of its philosophy the need to provide designers and manufacturing engineers with high quality manufacturing information on which to base their decisions. It is therefore central to the needs of Concurrent Engineering and Virtual Manufacturing Systems. The modelling of the data, function and behaviour of manufacturing resources, processes and strategies is a key issue. Being able to model all these three related dimensions in the Manufacturing Model allows a suitable description of a manufacturing facility in terms of its structure, organisation, and capabilities. In this way the Manufacturing Model becomes a useful source of manufacturing information which supports different applications in design and manufacturing. Currently our modelling work is concentrating on two processes, machining and injection moulding. This research makes a contribution to Manufacturing Characterization, Modelling Technologies, Representation and Meta-Modelling. We are in the process of building a WWW page. The URL will be: http://info.lut.ac.uk/departments/en/research.dir/ise.dir/CADCAM.html References: Molina A, Ellis T I A, Young R I M, Bell R. "Modelling Manufacturing Capability to Support Concurrent Engineering" Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications (CERA) Journal. Vol3 no1 March 1995 pp29-42. Molina A M, Al-Ashaab A H, Ellis T I A, Young R I M, Bell R. "A Review of Computer Aided Simultaneous Engineering Systems" Research in Engineering Design. (1995) 7 pp38-63. Al-Ashaab A H, Young R I M "Design for Injection Moulding in a Manufacturing Model Environment" Accepted by the Journal of Design and Manufacturing, July 1994. Ellis T I A, Molina A, Young R I M, Bell R "The development of an Information Sharing Platform for Concurrent Engineering" European Workshop on Integrated manufacturing Systems Engineering (IMSE'94), Grenoble, France Dec. 1994. Lee R J V, Young R I M "Design for Manufacture: An approach to software support in a concurrent engineering environment" Factory 2000, 4th Int Conf on Advanced Facory Automation, Oct. 1994, pp593-600 Molina A, Ellis T I A, Young R I M, Bell R "An Integrated Framework for the development of computer aided engineering systems" IEEE/ECLA/IFIP International Conference on Architectures and design methods for balanced automated systems, 24-26 July 1995, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Molina A, Ellis T I A, Young R I M, Bell R. "Modelling Manufacturing Resources, Processes and Strategies to Support Concurrent Engineering" Proceedings of CE94, Conference on Concurrent Engineering: Research and Applications. August 29-31st 1994, Pittsburgh,PA,USA, pp51-60 Al-Ashaab A, Young R I M "A Manufacturing Model: Supporting Concurrency in Injection Moulded Products Design" ASME/ESDA conference, 4th-7th July 1994 London. pp33-43 Ellis T.I.A., Young R.I.M and Bell R. "Modelling Manufacturing Process Information to Support Simultaneous Engineering" Proceedings of ICED93, 9th International Conference on Engineering Design, Aug17-19th, 1993, the Hague, Netherlands. pp1081-1084. Ellis T.I.A., Young R.I.M and Bell R. "A Design for Manufacture Software Environment to Support Simultaneous Engineering" Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sept 7-9th, 1993, Bath, UK, pp301-305. Al-Ashaab A., Young R.I.M "Information Models: an aid to concurrency in Injection Molded Products Design" Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME, Anaheim, November 1992. Young R.I.M. "The Role of Product and Manufacturing Models in Concurrent Engineering". Proceedings of SERC-IMechE Expert Meeting, Sept 8-10, 1992, St Albans, U.K. Young R I M, "Manufacturing Models" Seminar on Information systems for competetive manufacture, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University of Technology, Sept 1994, pp13-20 Dr Bob Young Department of Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University of Technology Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU tel: 01509 222920 fax: 01509 267725 =================================== >From virtual-request Thu Mar 30 17:02:01 1995 Received: from eros.unm.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id RAA04081; Thu, 30 Mar 1995 17:02:00 -0500 From: lumia@louie2.unm.edu Received: from louie2.unm.edu by eros.unm.edu with smtp (Smail3.1.28.1 #4) id m0ruSHt-000SwCC; Thu, 30 Mar 95 15:01 MST Received: by louie2.unm.edu (5.0/SMI-SVR4) id AA10059; Thu, 30 Mar 1995 15:03:30 +0700 Date: Thu, 30 Mar 1995 15:03:30 +0700 Message-Id: <9503302203.AA10059@louie2.unm.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] X-Sun-Charset: US-ASCII content-length: 428 Dana, Sorry to take so long to get back to you but I was up to my eyeballs in finishing two proposals. They are gone (I hope). I am personally not working in the area of virtual manufacturing, and therefore I have very little to add to your survey. I do, however, find the subject to be really interesting. If you can, I would really like to read the report that you produce or the mosaic address, whatever the form. Ron =============================== >From virtual-request Fri Mar 31 03:03:25 1995 Received: from tamarin.bath.ac.uk by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id DAA04435; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 03:03:24 -0500 Received: from scarlet.maths.bath.ac.uk by tamarin.bath.ac.uk with SMTP (PP) id <27472-0@tamarin.bath.ac.uk>; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 09:03:08 +0100 From: Richard Taylor Message-Id: <9503310902.ZM14398@unknown.zmail.host> Date: Fri, 31 Mar 1995 09:01:59 +0100 X-WWW: http://www.bath.ac.uk/~ensrit X-Organisation: University of Bath, UK X-Mailer: Z-Mail (3.2.0 26oct94 MediaMail) To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: virtual manufacturing survey Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Sender: rit@maths.bath.ac.uk > We are doing a study of Virtual Manufacturing technologies. We have a project titled "Design by Virtual Manufacturing". Abstract A desktop virtual reality system implementing a Virtual Manufacturing Workshop enables the processes of design and manufacture to be brought close together. Built-in design tools mean that the Virtual Workshop is much more than just a simulation of manufacturing. Designs can be edited, assessed, imported and exported in a completely interactive way. How the system is used is defined by the requirements of the user - whether that be pure design, process planning or training. At the end of the day, the user has a complete geometric model of the designed component and a part program from which it can be manufactured in the real world. More details are available on http://www.bath.ac.uk/~ensrit/vman.html -- Dr Richard Taylor University of Bath, UK. =================================== >From virtual-request Fri Mar 31 07:01:14 1995 Received: from hutcs.cs.hut.fi by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id HAA04534; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 07:00:56 -0500 Received: from [130.233.192.151] (mac-mam.cs.hut.fi) by hutcs.cs.hut.fi with SMTP id AA27811 (5.65c8/HUTCS-S 1.4 for ); Fri, 31 Mar 1995 15:00:46 +0300 Message-Id: <199503311200.AA27811@hutcs.cs.hut.fi> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Mac->sf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Date: Fri, 31 Mar 1995 15:02:00 +0200 To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: mam@cs.hut.fi (Martti =?iso-8859-1?Q?M=E4ntyl=E4?= ) Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] The Product Modelling and Realisation Group at the IIA Research Center in Helsinki University of Technology conducts research on a wide range of product modelling and its applications in design and manufacturing. The present work convers in particular the application of product modelling for manufacturing preparation. We have built a feature-based modelling system ExtDesign, and associated it with a prototype process planning system MCOES which is specifically intended for shopfloor use in a limited-function factory. The emphasis is on providing very rapid turnaround of correct NC programs, and natural interfaces for factory personnell in order to maintain the manufacturing models that form the basis of the system. This work has been linked to factory modeling and simulation in the GNOSIS test case of IMS, the international research program on Intelligent Manufacturing System. Our interest also covers early design stages of artifacts. Again in GNOSIS, work on symbolic assembly models and physics-based simulation was carried out. Present plans include extending this work to design process and rationale capture to support transfer of the results of a product development process to operative product configuration systems. WWW page: http://mac-mam.cs.hut.fi/More_HTML/Research-overview.html References: @book{ELSEVIERBOOK, author =3D {Jami Shah and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a} and Dana Nau (editors)}, title =3D {Advances in Feature-Based Manufacturing}, publisher =3D {Elsevier Science Publishers}, address =3D {Amsterdam}, year =3D 1994} @incollection{ELSEVIERCHAPTER0, author =3D {Jami Shah and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a} and Dana Nau}, title =3D {Introduction to Feature Based Manufacturing}, booktitle =3D {Advances in Feature-Based Manufacturing}, chapter =3D 1, pages =3D {1--11}, editor =3D {Jami Shah and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a} and Dana Nau}, publisher =3D {Elsevier Science Publishers}, address =3D {Amsterdam}, year =3D 1994} @incollection{ELSEVIERCHAPTER1, author =3D {Jussi Opas and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Techniques for Automatic Part Program Generation}, booktitle =3D {Advances in Feature-Based Manufacturing}, chapter =3D 11, pages =3D {239--259}, editor =3D {Jami Shah and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a} and Dana Nau}, publisher =3D {Elsevier Science Publishers}, address =3D {Amsterdam}, year =3D 1994} @incollection{ELSEVIERCHAPTER2, author =3D {Timo Laakko and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Incremental Feature Modeling}, booktitle =3D {Advances in Feature-Based Manufacturing}, chapter =3D 19, pages =3D {455--479}, editor =3D {Jami Shah and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a} and Dana Nau}, publisher =3D {Elsevier Science Publishers}, address =3D {Amsterdam}, year =3D 1994} @techreport{B114, author =3D {Krista Lagus and Timo Laakko and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {{ICONF} --- An Incremental Constraint Facility in a =46eature Modelling System}, address =3D {Espoo}, institution =3D {Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Information Processing Science}, note =3D {15 p.}, number =3D {HTKK-TKO-B114}, month =3D mar, year =3D 1994} @inproceedings{CIRP94, author =3D {Krista Lagus and Timo Laakko and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Application of Constraint Propagation in Part =46amily Modelling}, year =3D 1994, month =3D aug, booktitle =3D {Annals of CIRP}, volume =3D {43/1/1994}, pages =3D {129--132}} @article{GUI-CAD, author =3D {Jin-Kang Gui and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Functional Understanding of Assembly Modelling}, year =3D 1994, journal =3D {Computer-Aided Design}, volume =3D 26, number =3D 6, month =3D jun, pages =3D {435--451}} @inproceedings{LAGUS-PAPER, title =3D {{ICONF} - An Incremental Constraint Facility in a Feature Modelling System}, author =3D {Krista Lagus and Timo Laakko and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}= , booktitle =3D {Proc. IFIP TC5/WG5.3 Conference on Feature Modelling = and Recognition in Advanced CAD/CAM Systems}, pages =3D {161--177}, address =3D {University of Valenciennes, France}, month =3D may, year =3D 1994} @inproceedings{ASME94, author =3D {Timo Laakko and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Feature-Based Modeling of Product Families}, year =3D 1994, month =3D sep, editor =3D {K. Ishii et al.}, booktitle =3D {Proc. The 1994 ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference, Volume 1}, pages =3D {45--54}, publisher =3D {ASME}, address =3D {New York}} @article{INTJOFPR-1, author =3D {Jussi Opas and Jussi Kanerva and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}= , title =3D {Automatic Process Plan Generation in an Operative Process Planning System}, journal =3D {International Journal of Production Research}, year =3D 1994, pages =3D {1347--1363}, volume =3D {32}, number =3D {6}} @unpublished{AES, author =3D {Jussi Opas and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Feature-based Part Programming}, year =3D 1994, journal =3D {Advances in Engineering Software}, note =3D {In press.}} @techreport{PROJEKTI-R1, author =3D {Jussi Opas}, title =3D {Rouhinta, v\"{a}lisorvaus ja viimeistely; {APT}-makrot}, institution =3D {Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Information Processing Science}, note =3D {105 p.}, month =3D dec, year =3D 1994} @techreport{C70, author =3D {Mikael Fraunberg and Pekka Lampio and Timo R"{a}ty and Pasi Salonen and Jukka Tuomas and Martti M\"{a}ntyl\"{a}}, title =3D {Naive Physics Simulator Reference Manual}, address =3D {Espoo}, institution =3D {Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Information Processing Science}, note =3D {90 p.}, number =3D {HTKK-TKO-C70}, month =3D oct, year =3D 1994} Martti M{ntyl{ tel. +358-0-451 3230 Laboratory of Information Processing Science fax. +358-0-451 3293 Helsinki University of Technology e-mail mam@cs.hut.fi http://www.cs.hut.fi/~mam/ ================================= >From virtual-request Fri Mar 31 13:04:52 1995 Received: from sass165 by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id NAA04624; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 13:04:50 -0500 From: Charlene_Harlan_at_LAN6000@saix367.sandia.gov Received: from ccsmtp.sandia.gov (saix367.sandia.gov [134.253.48.11]) by sass165 (8.6.8/8.6.12) with SMTP id LAA05276; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 11:10:04 -0700 Received: from cc:Mail by ccsmtp.sandia.gov id AA796603552; Thu, 30 Mar 95 15:03:22 mst Date: Thu, 30 Mar 95 15:03:22 mst Message-Id: <9502307966.AA796603552@ccsmtp.sandia.gov> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu, CCMAIL.LDCHAPM_at_nm-cc-hub@saix367.sandia.gov, CCMAIL.EAWEINB_at_nm-cc-hub@saix367.sandia.gov, Charlene_Harlan_at_nm-cc-hub@saix367.sandia.gov, jlovejo@tc2.mhs.compuserve.com Subject: DAMA Input into Virtual Manufacturing Technologies March 30, 1995 Dana S. Nau (nau@cs.umd.edu) Computer Science Department and Institute for Systems Research University of Maryland Dear Mr. Nau; The following information has been provided at your request and may be relevant to your virtual manufacturing project. The Demand Activated Manufacturing Architechture (DAMA) project was created in 1993 as part of the AMTEX Partnership to help the U.S. Integrated Textile Complex (ITC) from fiber producer through retailer improve its competitiveness in the global marketplace. The DAMA project has been undertaken by a team from the ITC, including its suppliers, the national textile research universities, and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories as a key component in revitalizing this important U. S. industry. The primary goals of the DAMA project are: (1) determine possible strategic business structure changes, (2) establish an electronic marketplace for the textile industry, and (3) engage the entire textile industry in DAMA activities. The DAMA project encompasses several areas of development that may be relevant to your project, and fall in the following categories you provided: visualization, modeling technologies, itegrating infrastructure and architecture, simulation, integration of legacy data, and workflow. The DAMA project has a WWW home page that is currently under review. The draft version is password controlled, but will become public as soon as the approval process is completed, sometime in April 1995. The URL will be: http://dama.tis.llnl.gov A public reference document "Demand Activated Manufacturing Architecture 1995-1996 DAMA Project Overview," Version 1.0, DAMA-G-9-95, February 1995 is available upon request. This document provides a summary overview of the entire DAMA project. Please feel free to contact me for more information, Sincerely, Charlene Harlan DAMA Technical Project Office Sandia National Laboratories P. O. Box 5800, MS 0743 Albuquerque, NM 87185 Tel: 505-844-8164 Fax: 505-844-1723 email: cpharla@sandia.gov ===================================== >From virtual-request Fri Mar 31 17:11:25 1995 Received: from krusty.eecs.umich.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id RAA04806; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 17:11:24 -0500 Received: (from fritx@localhost) by krusty.eecs.umich.edu (8.6.10/8.6.10) id RAA23306; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 17:11:22 -0500 Date: Fri, 31 Mar 1995 17:11:22 -0500 (EST) From: Fritz Freiheit To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] In-Reply-To: <199503311645.LAA21257@flip.eecs.umich.edu> Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII Abstract: The University of Michigan Digital Library (UMDL) project is intended to be cohesive way to link together a wide range of collections (i.e. databases) using intelligent agents. Queries are formulated by the users with the help of user interface and query planning agents in such a way as to indentify the most likely subset of collections that will satisfy a specific query. This query is then passed to the identified collections which process the query and return the results to the user interface which then presents it to the user. The collections will not be limited to traditional databases, but will also include live World Wide Web pages, live data feeds (such as sensors), news groups, etc. The areas that UMDL would be relevant to virtual manufacturing are: Integrating Infrastructure & Architecture and Integration of Legacy Data. Both of these are areas where intelligent methods of data query and integration would prove useful. The UMDL is particularly well suited for this in that it has an open ended architecture that new (task specific) agents can be added to it in such a way as to take advantage of previously existing infrastructure and capabilities of UMDL. References & World Wide Web URL: http://www.sils.umich.edu/UMDL/HomePage.html Fritz.Freiheit fritx@umich.edu http://www.engin.umich.edu/~fritx/ =============================== >From virtual-request Fri Mar 31 21:39:09 1995 Received: from runningman.rs.itd.umich.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id VAA04850; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 21:39:07 -0500 From: Tony.Woo@um.cc.umich.edu Received: from um.cc.umich.edu by runningman.rs.itd.umich.edu (8.6.9/2.25) with SMTP id VAA20663; Fri, 31 Mar 1995 21:39:06 -0500 Date: Fri, 31 Mar 95 21:34:34 EST To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Message-ID: <44598692@um.cc.umich.edu> X-MTS-Userid: GBTE Subject: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] Dana: Thank you for letting me know of your work with the AF Mantech Program. I would appreciate very much in being kept informed of your important work. As regards the work I am doing, I have put together a summary of project abstracts. Hope you find them interesting and useful. I can certainly put together another list of references. But, that may take some time. Kindly advise me of your pleasure. Regards, Tony ................ T. C. Woo Industrial Engineering, FU-20 University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 Research Project Summaries a. Visibility Algorithms in Design and Manufacturing Given a target geometry and a source with a given cone of visibility, we expose the target to the source optimally, which has applications in materials processing and imaging. Mathematically known as the Covering Problem, minimization of the number of re-positioning and re-orientations of the source does not lend to polynomial time solution. We are however encouraged by the aide of the Gaussian mapping and the discovery of its dual, the visibility map. For sources with a hemispherical cone, the visibility map of a target is always convex, if not empty, hence giving rise to fast algorithms. Work is progressing in a wide range of applications: in machining, measuring, scanning, etc. for different geometries of the source and the target (as in point, line, and surface), as well as for different types of lines of sight (as in circular, for robots with rotary joints, or parabolic, as for trajectories of particles in vapor deposition). b. Tolerancing of Flexible Components Sheet metal components are prevalent in automobiles and aircrafts. Because they are flexible, variations from the nominal dimensions come from two sources: those inherent in the manufacturing process such as stamping and those induced by handling, fixturing, and joining. Indeed, common sense suggests that accuracy in the assembly of flexible components may be difficult to maintain. By conceptualizing an assembly as in series or in parallel, we derive the resultant tolerances. That the tolerance in parallel assembly decreases as a function of the stiffness coefficient of the material is a pleasant, if not surprising, result. We also note that variations in flexible components are correctable -- by the very process of joining. Novel sequencing of the joints are investigated, in the spirit of "error correction": an ideal design being the "signal", and the manufacturing process being the "channel". c. Computational Metrology The qualitative assessment of a component relies on (1) the method for data sampling and (2) the algorithm for determining the tolerance "zone". Based on the work of a Fields medalist, we exhibit two sampling methods which maintain the same accuracy as that of the uniform or random, yet reduces the number of samples (hence time) almost quadratically. By the same token, given the same number of samples, the two methods improve the accuracy almost quadratically. The work has been done in (the fine grain domain of) determining surface roughness. When applied to (the course grain problem of ) tolerancing, however, the two sampling methods show a peculiar sensitivity to the surface topology. Investigations in singularity theory are under way. Algorithms for tolerancing have been ambiguous: there is no procedural specifications in the existential ANSI standards of Y14 (Dimensioning and Tolerancing) and B89 (Metrology). Collaboration with the Courant Institute of the New York University, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Manufacturing Systems Department of IBM Research at Yorktown Heights, and the Computer Science Department at Johns Hopkins, and the Geometry Center and the Computer Science Department at the University of Minnesota may help pave the way to a new procedural standard. d. Geometric Dynamics Surfaces and geometries undergo changes, as in the machining of workpiece geometry, the growth of tissues in biological systems, and the breaking of waves in the ocean. Towards the understanding of a science of changes, and to capture the morphology, we begin with a 100 year old problem posed by J. C. Maxwell in his essay "On Hills and Dales"-- by computing an intrinsic "sea level" in a given set of contours. Morphogenesis is modelled by a family of parallel surfaces in differential geometry, in which singularities, folds, and cusps are of particular concern. (They, for example, represent collision of the machine tool which cause gouges, as well as the formation of caustics in the design of geometrical optics.) The notion of geometrical stability is then applied to mechanical designs, not in the classical sense of static equilibria, but to achieve robustness to design changes. e. Agile Manufacturing The complexity of manufacturing increases along the scale of: continuous (as in the production of newspaper or chemicals), flow line (as in automotive assembly), batch (as in copying services), and job shop (as in the kitchen of a restaurant). "Agile" manufacturing places further demands on the job shop manufacturing, not only in quality, cost, and delivery, but also in the ability to utilize excess capacity. This compression of scales leads us to various paradigms of phase changes in the physical sciences. We begin with the understanding of "work". As "heat transfer", we model data communication in an attempt to understand the basic currency in a transaction: information. The classical model due to Shannon, which places no weight on the "value" or the "quality" of information, is augmented by that of Kolmogorov-Chaitin, which leads to the notions of minimality (of program size) and optimization. Research though preliminary is far-reaching. f. Manufacturing of Software Software tools and systems are being built today, not unlike the cathedrals in the Renaissance era, line by line, stone by stone. As there appears to be a parallel between software engineering and the manufacturing of hard goods, we seek similarities and differences. We begin with the metrics for measuring complexity, in the hope of classifying components for the employment of "group technology" from manufacturing. While manufacturing manipulates materials based on their physics, software engineering is seen to be based on the logic of information. In this light, the two are "duals". Such linkages between information and physics promises pay-offs in two important areas: the automation of software production and the science of "digital physics". ===================================== >From virtual-request Sat Apr 1 07:48:06 1995 Received: from iata.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id HAA05178; Sat, 1 Apr 1995 07:48:04 -0500 Received: from localhost.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp by iata.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp (8.6.9+2.4W/1.20W) id VAA09737; Sat, 1 Apr 1995 21:49:18 +0900 From: Tetsuo Tomiyama Message-Id: <199504011249.VAA09737@iata.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Cc: umeda@iata.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp, yoshioka@iata.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp, ishii@iata.zzz.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 14 Mar 95 17:48:25 EST. <199503142248.RAA11546@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Date: Sat, 01 Apr 95 21:49:17 +0900 > 2. ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: A computer based environment which > facilitates the construction and execution of VM systems. The tools are used > to extract information, to create models supporting simulation, to properly > configure the virtual environment, to analyze the ``fit'' of the virtual > environment to the real production environment, to link real and virtual > processes, and to link to the manufacturing control systems. We are currently working on developing a computational framework for "Knowledge Intensive Engineering" which aims at better and more efficient designing of more innovative products. The framework is built on Smalltalk-80 (now called ObjectWorks) and has the following features (including existing ones and plans): (1) Management of multiple models (of design objects) with "pluggable" features that allow to plug in existing external modeling systems such as geometric modeler, FEA package, symbolic math (Mathematica), etc. (2) A large scale knowledge base for engineering design and manufacturing. (3) Engineering design support includes function modeling and synthesis support for conceptual design, geometric modeling, FEA, dynamics analysis (based on the Bond Graph technique), Petri net simulation for discrete event simulation, control software generation (for mechatronics machines), etc. (4) Product life cycle support, not only design, but also manufacturing, operation, maintenance, repair, recycling, etc. We have already developed, for instance, tools to generate diagnostic models for model-based diagnostic and repair planning, operation support, fault tree analysis, reliability design, etc. The Petri net simulator assists manufacturing preparation. > 3. MODELING TECHNOLOGIES: Since simulations are based on models, modeling > technologies are key technologies for VM. Significant modeling issues are: > representation, representation languages, abstraction, federation, > standardization, reuse, multi-use, and configuration control. Our modeling technology emphasizes "symbolic modeling" for non-geometric modeling, such as function modeling, etc. For this purpose, we use qualitative physics technology (among other things, Qualitative Process Theory based representation). > 4. REPRESENTATION: The technologies, methods, semantics, grammars and > analytical constructs required to represent all of the types of information > associated with designing and manufacturing a product in such a way that the > information can be transparently shared between all software applications > that support the representation technologies, methods, semantics, etc. See above. > 5. META-MODELING: This area refers to modeling about modeling, in essence, > constructing, defining and developing models that accommodate inter-model > interaction. The area involves standards and integration issues. The kernel of the knowledge intensive engineering framework is the metamodel mechanism that allows "modeling models." Concepts represented in the metamodel is commonly defined in the knowledge base, so that sharing and re-using knowledge are possible. The pluggable feature lends itself for integration. > 7. SIMULATION: The ability to represent a physical system or environment > in a computer. This area includes a wide range of computer software > applications and, in the long term, links to real world systems that > enable simulation-based control. Includes model optimization and validation. Qualitative simulation is what to be noted in our approach. ------------ Hope it helps your survey. Regards, Tetsuo Tomiyama (tomiyama@pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp) | Dept of Precision Machinery Engineering, The University of Tokyo | Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, JAPAN | Tel: 03-3812-2111 ext. 6454 | Telex: 272-2111 FEUT J | Fax: 03-3812-8849 ======================================= >From virtual-request Sun Apr 2 13:58:55 1995 Received: from VNET.IBM.COM by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id NAA05653; Sun, 2 Apr 1995 13:58:54 -0400 Message-Id: <199504021758.NAA05653@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Received: from KGNVMC by VNET.IBM.COM (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with BSMTP id 3533; Sun, 02 Apr 95 13:58:41 EDT Date: Sun, 2 Apr 95 11:40:30 EDT From: "Art Goldschmidt (914-433-4287, 8-293)" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Your note of 3/14/95, requesting abstacts Dear Prof. Nau, Attached is an abstract from the NIIIP consortium. Let me know if this does not meet your needs, and I'll try to improve it. Thanks for inviting our input. Best regards, Art ********************************************************** Overview of NIIIP The National Industrial Information Infrastructure Protocols, the NII- IP, facilitate the creation of Virtual Enterprises using "commercial off the shelf" (COTS) products. NIIIP itself is a consortium of 19 organizati ons, partially funded by ARPA, which is working in primarily in survey areas 1-6, 9, 12, adn 13. Its simulations are primarily of the Virtual Enterpris e process itself, rather than in particular industrial processes. The protocols provide COTS products with the definition of compo- nent interfaces, described in the Object Management Group's CORBA Interface Definition Language (CORBA IDL). Once a COTS product supports some portion of interface protocol it can then operate in concert with other such products to provide the functions prescribed for the operation of the Virtual Enterprise. The NIIIP functions are grouped across 13 differ- ent components to facilitate such packaging. As one approach toward achieving a broad-based shared ontology, NI- IIP endorses the use of ISO STEP Product Data Modeling and Servic- es. The adoption of such models and services simplify task of runtime mediation by having gained "upfront" industry-level agreement on common terminology and computable representations of product components. Standard models in automotive, electrical, drafting, 3-D configuration management, etc. are provided. To account for business processes, NIIIP employs agent technology to model the organizational structure of the VE, and of all of the con- tributed resources in it. NIIIP agents respresenting organizational en- tities are concerned with time, quality, and price/cost. NIIIP agents representing resources are concerned with the best interests of the the "resource". Since the interests of organizational components and re- sources will rarely converge, NIIIP prescribes a third party Negotiator to foster agreement. To support repeatable processes, NIIIP employes state-of-the-art workflow technology, and is working with the Workflow Managment Coalition to develop and support standards development in this area. >From the CAD Framework Initiative, CFI, NIIIP has adopted a robust Task and Session model, that coordinates the flows or work between disparate frameworks and products. To facilitate wide-spread connectivity, the NIIIP builds upon many features of the Internet, enhancing them as needed, for example with new security features and ob- ject-orientation, to work within the "NIIIP Infrastructure". Information about NIIIP is available from http://www.niiip.org. ========================================= >From virtual-request Mon Apr 3 05:43:02 1995 Received: from tmitns.tmit.ac.jp by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id FAA06028; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 05:43:01 -0400 Received: from tmitnet.tmit.ac.jp by tmitns.tmit.ac.jp (5.0/3.3W894112218) id AA22729; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 18:43:12 --900 Received: from mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp by tmitnet.tmit.ac.jp (4.1/6.4J.6-tmit2.1) id AA26265; Mon, 3 Apr 95 18:45:42 JST Received: by mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp (4.0/6.4J.6) id AA03785; Mon, 3 Apr 95 18:45:49 JST Date: Mon, 3 Apr 95 18:45:49 JST From: fukuda@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp (fukuda) Message-Id: <9504030945.AA03785@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp> To: virtual%frabjous.cs.umd.edu@tmitnet.tmit.ac.jp Subject: reply to virtual manufacturing survey content-length: 1866 Dear Dana, I am sorry for being late in responding to your survey. In Japan, school starts in April and ends in March. So they kept me really on the ball with all kinds of exams; end of the year, bachelor, master, doctor, entrance, etc. and ceremonies. I have been really hectic. So please forgive me for being late. I hope you will understand the situation. Here is the abstract of our work. We are working on two technoloties, virtual reality and stereolithography, at the same time with the aim of linking these together for developing a more flexible and more user-friendly product development system which would permit more direct participation of customers. Thus, our final objective is to establish the prosumer system where values could be attached to the processes as well as to the performance of a final product. One major area we are working on is to develop a new CAD system which will generate a solid just true to an image a designer creates and which can be linked with a stereolithography system very easily and responsively. What characterizesthis system is that it generates a solid based upon section assemblies and that the function of morphing in CG is added. Another research area is to establish the Virtual Network System with emphasis upon more easier collaboration for product development. The problem of adequate combination of analog and digital data is being addressed. I am leaving for US tomorrow and I am sorry I don't have time now. So I will send a list of relevant references and other info later. I appreciate it very much if you will count me in on your virtual manufacturing team. Thank you very much. Regards, Shuichi (Prof.Shuichi Fukuda, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology, 6-6, Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo, 191, JAPAN tel:+81-425-83-5111 ext.3605, fax:+81-425-83-5119 e-mail: fukuda@mgbfu.tmit.ac.jp) ========================================== >From virtual-request Mon Apr 3 11:34:35 1995 Received: from alpha.ie.wisc.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id LAA06186; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 11:34:33 -0400 Received: by alpha.ie.wisc.edu (4.1/25) id AA14013; Mon, 3 Apr 95 10:42:07 CDT Date: Mon, 3 Apr 95 10:42:07 CDT From: Dharmaraj Veeramani Message-Id: <9504031542.AA14013@alpha.ie.wisc.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Virtual Manufacturing Survey Response Response to Virtual Manufacturing Survey ======================================== From: Dharmaraj Veeramani, University of Wisconsin-Madison Director, Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Research Laboratory Director, CAD/CAM Research Laboratory My research efforts can be classified into two topics: (1) Distributed Control of Manufacturing Systems (2) Quick Response Processing of RFQs (Request-for-Quotation) The ongoing research in the above two topics is relevant to all the virtual manufacturing areas listed in the survey (except perhaps visualization and manufacturing characterization). Research in distributed control of manufacturing systems is focused on the design, modeling, simulation, and analysis of shopfloor control architectures and algorithms based on a distributed control paradigm. Decisions related to task and resource allocation are made in a cooperative manner among autonomous entities through a process of message passing and auctioning. Research to date has shown that distributed shopfloor control can potentially offer a high level of system flexibility and responsiveness, in addition to modularity, fault tolerance, reconfigurability and adaptability. My other area of research is focused on the development of methodologies and tools that will enable quick response processing of RFQs (request-for-quotations) through rapid and accurate cost-estimation, DFM assessment and process planning, and integration of process planning and production control considerations. Specific projects being conducted include (a) development of models for rapid and accurate cost estimation in die-castings, sheet-metal, and machining companies; (b) development of a theory of computational mobility to assess manfuacturability of Wire-EDM parts; (c) development of methodologies for manufacturability assessment and process planning for multi-axis mill-turn centers; (d) optimization of cutting-tool selection and cutter-path generation for sculptured surface machining; (e) development of a unified framework for process planning and production control for fabrication of sheet-metal parts. LIST OF RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS ================================ D. Veeramani, D. M. Upton, and M. M. Barash, "Cutting-Tool Management in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing," International Journal of Flexible Manufacturing Systems, 3/4, pp. 237-265, 1992. D. Veeramani, "Task and Resource Allocation via Auctioning," 1992 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings, Eds. J. J. Swain, D. Goldsman, R. C. Crain, and J. R. Wilson, Arlington, VA, December 13-16, 1992, pp. 945-954. D. Veeramani and M. M. Barash, "Auction-Based Decentralized Shop-Floor Control in Large Flexible Manufacturing Systems," Proceedings of the International Conference on Object-Oriented Manufacturing Systems, Calgary, Canada, pp. 457-462, May 4-6, 1992. P. Rogers, D. Veeramani, and M. M. Barash, "Responsive Tool Management: Making Fixed Manufacturing Systems More Flexible," Proceedings of the Joint US/German Conference on New Directions for Operations Research in Manufacturing, Gaithersburg, MD, July 30-31, 1991. D. Veeramani, "Rationalization of Cutting-Tool Requirements," in Concurrent Engineering, Eds. D. Dutta, A. C. Woo, S. Chandrashekhar, S. Bailey, and M. Allen, PED-Vol. 59, pp. 307-313, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1992. D. Veeramani, B. Bhargava, and M. M. Barash, "Information System Architecture for Heterarchical Control of Large Flexible Manufacturing Systems," Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 76-92, 1993. K. Mani and D. Veeramani, "Reactive Control in Computer Integrated Job Shops," 1993 IIE Research Conference, Eds. D. A. Mitta, L. I. Burke, J. R. English, J. Gallimore, G. Klutke, and G. L. Tonkay, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 36-40, May 26-27, 1993. D. Veeramani, "Distributed and Dynamic Shop Floor Control in Intelligent Manufacturing Systems," Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing in the Process Industries, Rutgers University, NJ, April 25-26, 1994 K.-J. Wang and D. Veeramani, "Comparison of Distributed Control Schemes from the Perspective of the Communication System," IIE Research Conference, Atlanta, GA, pp. 394-399, May 18-19, 1994. D. Veeramani, "Control of Manufacturing Systems," in Handbook of Manufacturing and Automation, Eds. R. Dorf and A. Kusiak, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 553-566, 1994. D. Veeramani, "Integration of Cutting-Tool Management With Shop-Floor Control in Flexible Machining Systems," in Computer Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: Research and Development, Eds. S. Joshi and J. S. Smith, Chapman and Hall, pp. 405-426, 1994. D. Veeramani and Y.-S. Gau, "Analytical Models for Optimal NC Machining of Regular Convex Polygonal Pockets," Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, Tempe, AZ, March 6-8, 1995, to appear. D. Veeramani, J. J. Bernardo, C. H. Chung, and Y. P. Gupta, "Computer Integrated Manufacturing: A Taxonomy of Integration and Research Issues," Journal of Production and Operations Management, submitted. D. Veeramani and Y.-S. Gau, "Issues in Patch-By-Patch Machining of Composite Sculptured Surfaces," Journal of Design and Manufacturing, submitted. D. Veeramani and Y.-S. Gau, "Selection of Optimal Cutting-Tool Set and Machining Strategy for Pocket Machining", Working Paper, Department of IE, University of Wisconsin-Madison. D. Veeramani and K.-J. Wang, "Modeling and Performance Analysis of the Auctioning Process in Distributed Control of Manufacturing Systems", Working Paper, Department of IE, University of Wisconsin-Madison. S. Kumar and D. Veeramani, "Determination of Turret Configuration and Hit Sequence for Optimization of NC Turret Punch Press Operation," International Journal of Production Research, in press. D. Veeramani, S. Kumar, and P. Joshi, "Optimal Selection of Pierce Points for Nibbling Operation in Sheet Metal Parts Fabrication," 4th Industrial Engineering Research Conference Proceedings, Nashville, TN, 1995. D. Veeramani and T. L. Morin, "Evaluating Part Designs for Automatic Feeding in Robotic Assembly Systems: A Geometric Analysis of the Nesting of Polyhedral Objects," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 337-351, 1991. ========================== >From virtual-request Mon Apr 3 13:03:16 1995 Received: from UICVM.UIC.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id NAA06249; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 13:03:13 -0400 Date: Mon, 3 Apr 1995 13:03:13 -0400 Message-Id: <199504031703.NAA06249@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Received: from [131.193.215.231] by UICVM.UIC.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R2) with TCP; Mon, 03 Apr 95 12:02:52 CDT X-Sender: u49108@uicvm.uic.edu Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu From: banerjee@uic.edu (Pat Banerjee) Subject: our ongoing VM work Cc: mehrotra@iems.nwu.edu Virtual Manufacturing Activities at University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and at Northwestern University (NU) A Report by Pat Banerjee Assistant Prof. Dept. of Mech. Eng. UIC The activities are categorized as follows: 1. The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) has produced a room-sized virtual reality system called the "CAVE" [1,2]. It is a projection-based system that achieves immersion through the use of large screen stereo displays and user tracking. EVL is currently starting the design and implementation of the "ImmersaDesk," a drafting-table format and sized device that uses the same libraries but is more fitting with a normal office setting. We are designing and implementating the first fully operational prototype for use in NIST's Intelligent Systems Division. 2. It is envisioned that use of a sophisticated immersion environment such as the ImmersaDesk and CAVE would lay the foundation for the development of next generation tools in manufacturing information management and intelligent decision support for operator interfaces. We are working with NIST in developing standards for immersive operator display interfaces. As a first step, we are interfacing the ImmersaDesk to a Gear Factory Simulation and Control System developed by NIST through one of its contractors, to achieve roughly half the level of graphics real-time functionality that is currently possible at NIST in non-stereo display on a Silicon Graphics Onyx screen. This involves selection of an appropriate format for storage of Immersion Displays, and software coding for conversion of the Gear Factory Information to this format. Some software tuning for NIST's VTX graphics subsystem is needed since UIC's software assumes Reality Engine-2 capability. Stereo is being achieved with a 120Hz refresh, twice the normal rate of 60Hz for non-stereo, therefore halving the graphics output. 3. Among many ongoing research projects, an exploratory virtual groupware architecture using ImmersaDesk is being developed, in which multiple designers communicate using the same software. The standard implementation of the ImmersaDesk is being enhanced for multiple users to interact with the system. Currently the groupware is being applied to a factory layout design problem. As a first step towards streamlining the process of turn-taking, we assume a person designated as a "moderator", who has the responsibility of transferring control from one member of the group to another. Each member of the group is assumed to have a wand using which the user interacts with the layout software running on an ImmersaDesk. Switching from one member of the group to another is accomplished by keyboard and mouse input by the moderator. References 1. Cruz-Neira, C., D.J. Sandin, T.A. DeFanti, "Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation of the CAVE," Computer Graphics (Proc. of SIGGRAPH '93), ACM SIGGRAPH, August 1993, pp. 135-142. 2. Cruz-Neira, C., D.J. Sandin, T.A. DeFanti, R.V. Kenyon and J.C. Hart, "The CAVE: Audio Visual Experience Automatic Virtual Environment," ACM Communications, vol. 35, no. 6, June 1992, pp. 65-72. 3. The URL for CAVE related information is http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/EVL/docs/html/CAVE.html 4. Information on EVL can be obtained at http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/evl/html/homePage.html ========================= >From virtual-request Mon Apr 3 15:03:04 1995 Received: from engc.bu.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id PAA06343; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 15:02:59 -0400 Received: by engc.bu.edu (8.6.9/Spike-2.1) id PAA07992; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 15:02:52 -0400 From: leon@engc.bu.edu (Leonid Charny) Message-Id: <199504031902.PAA07992@engc.bu.edu> Subject: Virtual manufacturing To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Date: Mon, 3 Apr 95 15:02:52 EDT X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.3 PL11] This is a response to you e-mail concerning virtual manufacturing research. We are still setting up the WWW server and I will be happy to send you the address later when it is fully functional. In the meantime please feel free to contact me should you have any more questions. Prof. Leonid Charny College of Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Str., Boston, MA 02215 Phone: (617) 353-5442 FAX: (617) 353-5548 E-mail: leon@bu.edu _______________________________________________________________________________ Boston University Team Working on Enterprise Integration: Algorithms and Software Architecture. Professor Michael C. Caramanis Director, Production Control of Manufacturing Systems Laboratory tel 617-353-3247, fax 617-353-5548, Email mcc@enga.bu.edu Boston University, College of Engineering, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, 44 Cummington St, Boston MA 02215 Affiliated Faculty Prof. Leonid Charny, leon@enga.bu.edu Prof. Oded Maimon, maimon@enga.bu.edu Prof. Jim Perkins, perkins@engc.bu.edu Prof. Ali Sharifnia, sharifnia@enga.bu.edu Prof. J. Q. Hu, hu@enga.bu.edu Prof. Pirooz Vakili vakili@enga.bu.edu Research focuses on complex manufacturing and production systems and the pursuit of an enterprise integration environment for concurrent production planning and control. Means used in this pursuit include: -hierarchical decomposition of complex manufacturing systems -development of state of the art dynamic decision support systems and algorithms including manufacturing flow control, scheduling, and performance evaluation, as well as their interoperation with legacy software such as MRP, CAM, and shop floor tracking. -development of flexible information system software -communication-network related issues -Flexible design with dynamic redesign/reengineering capabilities of a system of autonomous decision making agents interacting for the dual purpose of planning and operating a complex production facility. Key words: Enterprise Integration, Hierarchical Production Planning and Control, Reengineering of Production Management Process, Software Architecture for Concurrent Production Control REFERENCES Fu, M.C., and Hu, J.Q., "Addendum to Extensions and Generalizations of Smoothed Perturbation Analysis in a Generalized Semi-Markov Process Framework," to appear in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, August, 1995. Fu, M.C., and Hu, J.Q., "On the Relationship of Capacitated Production/Inventory Models to Manufacturing Flow Control Models," to appear in Operations Research Letters, 1995. Hu, J.Q., "Parallel Simulation of DEDS Via Event Synchronization," to appear in DEDSTA, 1995. Fu, M.C., and Hu, J.Q., "Sensitivity Analysis for Monte Carlo Simulation of Option Pricing," to appear in Probability in the Engineering and Information Sciences, 1995. Hu, J.Q., and Xiang, D., "Optimal Control for Systems with Deterministic Production Cycles," to appear in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, July 1995. Fu, M.C., Hu, J.Q., and Nagi, R., "Comparison of Gradient Estimation Techniques for Queues with Non-identical Servers," to appear in Computers and Operations Research, 1995. Fu, M.C. and Hu, J.Q., "On Unbounded Hazard Rate for Smoothed Perturbation Analysis," to appear in Journal of Applied Probability, Sept., 1995. Hu, J.Q., and Xiang, D., "Monotonicity of Optimal Flow Controls for Failure Prone Production Systems," to appear in Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Vol. 86, No. 1, July 1995. Hu, J.Q., "The Departure Process of The GI/G/1 Queue and Its MacLaurin Series," to appear in Operations Research, May 1995. Hu, J.Q., "Analyticity of Single Server Queues in Light Traffic," to appear in Queueing Systems, 1995. Hu, J.Q., "Production Rate Control for Failure Prone Production Systems with No Backlog Permitted," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol.40, No.2, pp.291-295, 1995. Junjie Hu, and M. Caramanis, "Dynamic Set-Up Scheduling of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: Design and Stability of Near Optimal General Round Robin Policies", in Discrete Event Systems, Edited by P.R. Kumar and P. Varaiya, IMA Volumes In Mathematics and its Applications, Springer-Ferlag, 1995 C. Kaskavelis and M. Caramanis, "A Lagrangian Relaxation Based Algorithm for Scheduling Multiple-Part-Production-Systems: Industrial Implementation Experience" Proceedings of the 1994 Japan-U.S.A. Symposium on Flexible Automation. Kobe, Japan, pp. 173-180, July 11-18, 1994 C. Kaskavelis and M. Caramanis, "Application of a Lagrangian Relaxation Based Scheduling Algorithm to a Semiconductor Testing Facility", Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology, Troy, NY, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp.106-112, October 10-12, 1994 G. Liberopoulos and M. Caramanis, "Dynamics and Design of a Class of Parameterized Manufacturing Flow Controllers", IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, July 1995. G. Liberopoulos and M. Caramanis, "Production Control of Manufacturing Systems with Production Rate Dependent Failure Rates," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 889-895, April 1994. G. Liberopoulos and M. Caramanis, "Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis for Second Derivative Estimation and Design of Manufacturing Flow Controllers," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 297-327, May 1994. Liberopoulos, G. and Hu, J.Q., "On the Ordering of Hedging Points in a Class of Manufacturing Flow Control Models," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol.40, No.2, pp.282-286, 1995 Hu, J.Q., Vakili, P., and Yu, G.X., "Optimality of Hedging Point Policy for Failure Prone Manufacturing Systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 39, No.9, pp.1875-1880, September, 1994. Fu, M.C., and Hu, J.Q., "Smoothed Perturbation Analysis Derivative Estimation for Markov Chains," Operations Research Letters, Vol.15, pp.241-251, 1994. Fu, M.C. and Hu, J.Q., "(s, S) Inventory Systems with Random Lead Times: Harris Recurrence and Its Implication in Sensitivity Analysis," Probability in the Engineering and Information Sciences, Vol.8, No.3, pp.355-376, 1994. Stanley B. Gershwin, Manufacturing Systems Engineering Prentice Hall, 1994 Hu, J.Q., and Xiang, D., "Structural Properties of Optimal Controllers for Failure Prone Manufacturing Systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 39, No.3, pp. 640-642, 1994. J.Q. Hu, "A Queueing Approach to Manufacturing Flow Control Models," submitted to the 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, December 13-15, 1995 . J.Q. Hu, "A Decomposition Approach to Flow Control in Tandem Production Systems," submitted to the 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, December 13-15, 1995. Hu, J.Q., "Differentiability and Analyticity of Queues in Light Traffic," Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, December 14-16, 1994. A. Sharifnia, "Stability and performance of Distributed Production Control Methods based on Continuous-Flow Models," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol. 39, No. 4, April 1994. A. Sharifnia, "Stability and Performance of a Simple Distributed Tracking Policy for Production Control of Manufacturing Systems," to appear IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 1996 A. Sharifnia, "Instability of the Join-the-Shortest-Queue and FCFS Policies in Queuing Systems and their Stabilization," Operations Research, to appear. A. Sharifnia and P. Vakili, "Stability and Performance of Continuous-Flow based Distributed Real-Time Production Control Policies Under Bounded Variability," Proceedings of the Fourth RPI International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology, October 1994. K. Egilmez and A. Sharifnia, "Optimal Control of a Manufacturing System based on a Novel Continuous-Flow Model with Minimal WIP Requirement," Proceedings of the Fourth RPI International Conference on Computer Integrated Manufacturing and Automation Technology, October 1994. Yu, G.X., and Vakili, P, "Periodic and Chaotic Dynamics of a Switched Server System under Corridor Policies", to appear IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control, 1995 Vakili, P., "Discrete-Event Systems Driven by Poisson Processes," Proceedings of the Conference on Decision and Control, December 1994. Streltsov, S., and Vakili, P., "Parallel Replicated Simulation of Uniformized Markov Chains," submitted to the Journal of Discrete Event Dynamic Systems, 1994. =========================== >From virtual-request Mon Apr 3 18:08:14 1995 Received: from bimini.Stanford.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id SAA06497; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 18:08:11 -0400 Received: (from petrie@localhost) by bimini.Stanford.EDU (8.6.9/8.6.6) id PAA15394 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu; Mon, 3 Apr 1995 15:08:07 -0700 Sender: Charles Petrie Date: Mon, 3 Apr 1995 15:08:07 PDT From: petrie@cdr.stanford.edu (Charles Petrie) Reply-To: petrie@cdr.stanford.edu (Charles Petrie) To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] In-Reply-To: Your message of Tue, 14 Mar 1995 17:45:48 -0500 Message-ID: Next-Link is a set of protocols for "wrapping" legacy systems so that they can be used with a set of generic service agents. The service first implemented is the Redux' agent for coordinating distributed engineering, design and development processes. The formal model is hypothesized to be easily applicable to many design processes thus allowing a domain-independent coordination service to be mapped onto existing software. The coordination service detects waisted work and detects new opportunities for improving the process based upon past history and current changes in the process. The URL for Next-Link is "http://cdr.stanford.edu/NextLink/NextLink.html". Next-Link/Redux' seems to fall under the "Workflow" category. WRT to "Cross-functional Trades", Redux' does not provide domain-specific global optimization but does track Pareto optimization. ----------- MADEFAST is a recent ARPA experiment that may be of interest to the VM researchers. In six months, a group of university and industrial participants designed and built a missile-like visible light seeker. All design was done over the Internet using various collaboration tools, of which the most important was the WWWeb. People came and went. There was no traditional management though some people evolved to take leadership roles. All collaboration was done on a peer-to-peer basis. The experiment demonstrated that a virtual "dream team" could be assembled and could collaborate to develop a working complex artifact in a short time. The URL is: "http://www.madefast.org". I'm not sure in which category this should be placed. cp ----------------------------------- Charles Petrie@cdr.stanford.edu Stanford Center for Design Research WWW URL http://cdr.stanford.edu/ ----------------------------------- ======================================= >From virtual-request Tue Apr 4 16:42:05 1995 Received: from crdems.ge.com by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id QAA07355; Tue, 4 Apr 1995 16:41:57 -0400 Received: from daisymae.crd.ge.com by crdems.ge.com (5.65/GE 1.77) id AA13284; Tue, 4 Apr 95 16:37:00 -0400 Received: by daisymae.crd.ge.com (5.0/GE-CRD Standard Sendmail Version S1.5)id AA01190; Tue, 4 Apr 1995 16:36:02 -0400 Date: Tue, 4 Apr 1995 16:36:02 -0400 From: kellihmt@daisymae.crd.ge.com (Margaret T Kelliher) Message-Id: <9504042036.AA01190@daisymae.crd.ge.com> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Subject: virtual manufacturing survey Cc: kellihmt@daisymae.crd.ge.com Content-Length: 4268 Dear Dr. Nau: Here is an abstract in response to your virtual manufacturing survey. It's a bit longer than the 150-200 words you suggested, but we fit into several of the suggested bins and I thought it better to send you one slightly long abstract than several shorter ones. I have included a short list of references, along with the URL for our web page. If you have any questions or would like additional references or documentation, please feel free to call me at (518) 387-7480. Also, we would be interested in a copy of the report when it comes out, (electronic or print format) if that is not too much trouble. My e-mail address is kellihmt@crd.ge.com. My mailing address is: Margaret Kelliher, KW-C218C General Electric PO Box 8 Schenectady NY 12301 Thankyou for your attention, Margaret Kelliher The Computer Graphics and Systems Program at General Electrics Corporate R&D center is currently working in several of the areas you cite as relevant to Virtual Manufacturing, particularly visualization, environment construction, modeling, and simulation. We also have an interest in legacy data. VISUALIZATION and REPRESENTATION: We have invented many important visualization algorithms, models and representations including: - marching and dividing cubes, which create 3D surfaces, - decimation, a data reduction algorithm to reduce the number of polygon primitives needed to represent a surface, and - swept surfaces, in which motion is represented in a static model. ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION: We have developed LYMB, an award-winning software development system which enables rapid construction of new environments using such techniques as rapid prototyping, graphical user interfaces, 3D computer graphics, advanced visualization techniques, and distributed processing. It uses an object- oriented, interpreted software approach and executes on a wide variety of UNIX workstations. It also provides access to a wide variety of CAD and 3D data formats. We are currently undertaking an effort to redeploy the system on a PC platform. SIMULATION: We have used LYMB to develop Product Vision, an environment which constructs digital mockups of large precision machines from CAD models, providing fly- through capabilities as well as automatic and semi-automatic path generation for assembly and disassembly planning, and generation of swept surfaces called path envelopes. These path envelopes are persistent representations of the paths which are then added back into the CAD systems, providing guidance to designers about required access spaces. MODELING TECHNOLOGIES: We have a program underway to construct a system for capturing as-built dimen- sions for large precision machines. In order to repair and upgrade this type of equipment, it is necessary to capture the parts' actual dimensions quickly and accurately with a minimum of down-time. These dimensions are used to make models for the manufacture of replacement parts. The measurements are currently taken and assimilated by hand into paper drawings. We seek to automate parts of this process and replace paper drawings with electronic models. INTEGRATION OF LEGACY DATA: As part of everything we do, we encounter data translation issues. In answer to this need, we have compiled a library of translation capabilities which are available to every LYMB application. This is a living library which continues to grow as we encounter new data sources. We are investigating the issue of legacy data as a research area of its own, as opposed to an incidental side issue, researching the possibility of automatic detection of formats and auto-selection of appropriate translation techniques. REFERENCES: WJ Schroeder, WE Lorensen, S Linthicum, "Implicit Modeling of Swept Surfaces and Volumes", _Proceedings_of_Visualization_'94_, pp 40-45. WJ Schroeder, JA Zarge, WE Lorensen, "Decimation of Triangle Meshes", _Computer_Graphics_, Vol. 26 #2, pp 65-70, July 1992. "1992 Computerworld Object Application Awards", _Computerworld_ WE Lorensen and HE Cline, "Marching Cubes: A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm", _Computer_Graphics_, Vol. 21 #3, pp 163-169, July 1987. ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION: http://www.ge.com/crd/img_and_vis_lab.html =============================== >From virtual-request Tue Apr 4 19:07:46 1995 Received: from cadlips.ece.utexas.edu by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id TAA07831; Tue, 4 Apr 1995 19:07:36 -0400 From: barber@cadlips.ece.utexas.edu Received: from hookem.ece.utexas.edu by cadlips.ece.utexas.edu via SMTP (931110.SGI/930416.SGI.AUTO) for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu id AA25651; Tue, 4 Apr 95 18:10:07 -0500 Date: Tue, 4 Apr 95 18:10:07 -0500 Message-Id: <9504042310.AA25651@cadlips.ece.utexas.edu> To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu X-Sender: barber@128.83.196.32 Subject: Re: [nau@cs.umd.edu: virtual manufacturing survey] We are responding to your requested given at the end of this email message: -- Suzanne Barber The Virtual Decision Environment K. Suzanne Barber Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX 78712 The Virtual Decision Environment (VDE) simulates the propagation of decisions throughout the factory floor. The goal is to understand how design, manufacturing, and systems architecture decisions are related and propagated through the enterprise to impact productivity, efficiency, and quality. Development of the Virtual Decision Environment satisfies two primary objectives. Our research investigates how best to employ virtual environment technology to 1) test specific research results and 2) demonstrate the value of visualization in virtual environments to support decisions in manufacturing environments. First, VDE provides a testbed for on-going research projects in areas such as scheduling, process planning, active vision-based tracking, system specifications, and assembly planning. Second, a significant amount of effort in laboratories around the world have focused on the development of virtual environments. This work provides us with sophisticated three dimensional graphics and interactive devices such as gloves, head mount devices, three-dimensional mouse, and audio devices. It is our intention to leverage these efforts to permit all perspectives of three dimensional viewing to be observed by the user moving and interfacing within the virtual environment. The Virtual Decision Environment (VDE) will be housed in a large "pool" (chamber) once used for underwater acoustic research. The chamber space is approximately 60' by 30' and 25' in depth. A projection system will be employed for displays on the chamber walls. Human users equipped with a number of devices to interact with the environment will position themselves in the chamber center. Each aspect or dimension of the manufacturing enterprise will be depicted in the VDE. The user can select to view any of a number of dimensions of the manufacturing enterprise: design, manufacturing fabrication, automated assembly, routing, system communication, and system architecture. List of References: Andersson M., Christer C., Olof Hagsand, and Olov Stahl, "DIVE - The distributed Interactive Virtual Environment Technical Reference Manual", Swedish Institute of Computer Science, March 1994. Begault, D.R. (1991) Perceptual effects of synthetic reverberation on 3-D audio systems. 91st Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, New York, Preprint 3212 (W-6). Birman K.P. and Timothy C., "Performance of the ISIS Distributed Computing Toolkit", Cornell University - TR 94-1432, June 1994. Blattner, M. M., Sumikawa, D. A., & Greenberg, R. M. (1989). Earcons and Icons: Their Structure and Common Design Principles. Human-Computer Interaction, 4, 11-44. Bregman, A. S. (1990). Auditory Scene Analysis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Bryson S. and Creon L., "The Virtual Windtunnel: An Environment for the Exploration of Three Dimensional Unsteady Flows", RNR-92-013 - NASA Ames Research Center, April 1992. Buxton, W., Gaver, W., & Bly, S. (1989). The use on non-speech audio at the interface. (Tutorial No. 10). Presented at CHI'89, ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York: ACM Press. Durlach, N. I. (1991) Auditory localization in teleoperator and virtual environment systems: Ideas, issues, and problems. Perception, 20, 543-554. Durlach, N. I., Pew, R. W., Aviles, W. A., DiZio, P. A., and Zeltzer, D. L. (Eds.) (1992). Virtual Environment Technology for Training (VETT). The Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Research Consortium (VETREC). Bolt, Beranek, and Newman Report 7661. Carlsson C. and Hagsand O., "DIVE-a Multi-User Virtual Reality System", Proceedings of VRAIS, September 1993, Seattle, WA. Cutting, James E. (1986) Perception with an eye for motion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Elkind, Jerome I., Card, Stuart K., Hochberg, Julian, and Huey, Beverly M. (1989) Human performance models for computer-aided engineering, Washington, D. C. National Academy Press. Ellis, Stephen R. (1991) The nature and origin of virtual environments: a bibliographic essay. Computer Systems in Engineering, 2, 4, 321-47. Ellis, Stephen R., Kaiser, Mary K., and Grunwald, Arthur J. (Eds.) (1991). Pictorial communication in virtual and real environments, Taylor and Francis, London, and Bristol, NJ. Foster, S. H., Wenzel, E. M., and Taylor, R. M. (1991) Real-time synthesis of complex acoustic environments. Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY. Howard, Ian (1982) Human visual orientation, Wiley, New York. Lackner, J. R. Some aspects of sensory-motor control and adaption in man. In: R. D. Walk and H. L. Pick, Jr. (Eds.). Intersensory Perception and Sensory Integration, New York, Plenum, 143-173, 1981. Lackner, J. R. Human sensory-motor adaption to the terrestrial force environment. In: D. Ingle, M. Jeannerod and D. Lee (Eds.). Brain Mechanisms and Spatial Vision., Nijhoff, Amsterdam, 175-210, 1985. Li, X., Logan, R. J., and Pastore, R. E. (1991) Perception of acoustic source characteristics. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90, 3036-3049. Morse, P. M. and Ingard, K. U. (1968) Theoretical Acoustics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Patterson, R. R. (1982). Guidelines for Auditory Warning Systems on Civil Aircraft. (Paper No. 82017), London: Civil Aviation Authority. Ressler S., "Applying Virtual Environments to Manufacturing", National Institute of Standards and Technology - NISTIR 5343, January 1994. Treisman, A. (1985) Preattentive processing in vision. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 31, 156-177. Reignier T., "Interaction Methods with 3D Input Devices", Interaction and Presentation Laboratory (IPLab), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), June 1993, Stokholm, Sweden. Warren William, H., Jr., Mestre, Daniel R., Blackwell, Arshavir W., and Morris, Michael W. (1991) Perception of circular heading from optical flow. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 17, 28-43. Wenzel, E. M. (1992) Localization in virtual acoustic displays. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 1, 80-107. Wightman, F. L. & Kistler D. J. (1989) Headphone simulation of free-field listening I: stimulus synthesis. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 85, 858-867. "Virtual Manufacturing: A Methodology for `manufacturing in a computer'", Air Force Mantech Perspective, October 1993. World-Wide-Web site: http://www-lips.ece.utexas.edu *************************************************************************** K. Suzanne Barber The Laboratory for Intelligent Processes and Systems Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin (512) 471-6152 phone (512) 471-5532 fax *************************************************************************** =========================== >From virtual-request Tue Apr 4 20:19:44 1995 Received: from Sunset.AI.SRI.COM by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id UAA07872; Tue, 4 Apr 1995 20:19:42 -0400 Received: from HALFDOME.AI.SRI.COM by Sunset.AI.SRI.COM (4.1/SMI-4.1) id AA14800 for virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu; Tue, 4 Apr 95 17:19:26 PDT Date: Tue, 4 Apr 1995 17:16-0700 From: "David E. Wilkins" Subject: manufacturing survey To: virtual@frabjous.cs.umd.edu Message-Id: <19950405001637.3.WILKINS@HALFDOME.AI.SRI.COM> The SIPE-2 planning is relevant and has already been applied to production line scheduling. web page is http://www.ai.sri.com/~sipe/ Here is a couple paragraphs from the web page: David Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning techniques developed over the past three decades at the AI Center of SRI International have now reached the point where they can impact real problems. SIPE-2 is the most advanced of SRI's plan generation and execution systems, and has been employed by numerous users to solve a range of interesting problems, as described above. It is the planner in the Cypress system.

SIPE-2 is a performance-oriented, general-purpose software system for generating and monitoring the execution of plans. It plans hierarchically, using different levels of abstraction, and provides a formalism for describing actions as operators. Given an arbitrary initial situation and a set of goals, SIPE-2 either automatically or under interactive control combines operators to generate plans to achieve the prescribed goals in the given world. In contrast to most AI planning research, heuristic adequacy (efficiency) has been one of the primary goals in the design of SIPE-2, which includes many heuristics for reducing computational complexity. Unlike expert systems, the SIPE-2 architecture is capable of generating a novel sequence of actions that responds precisely to the situation at hand.

Planning requires the system to predict how the world will change as actions are performed. However, in real-world domains, things do not always proceed as planned and it becomes increasingly important to use as much as possible of the old plan when new situations arise. SIPE-2 has execution-monitoring techniques that accept new information about the world and modify the plan minimally to respond to unexpected events.

Applications

=================================== >From virtual-request Wed Apr 5 00:47:18 1995 Received: from ISL1.RI.CMU.EDU by frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU (8.6.11/UMIACS-0.9/04-05-88) id AAA08013; Wed, 5 Apr 1995 00:47:17 -0400 From: Norman.Sadeh-Koniecpol@ISL1.RI.CMU.EDU Message-Id: <199504050447.AAA08013@frabjous.cs.UMD.EDU> Date: Wed, 5 Apr 95 00:46:35 EDT To: virtual@FRABJOUS.CS.UMD.EDU Subject: survey Cc: sadeh@ISL1.RI.CMU.EDU, sfs@ISL1.RI.CMU.EDU 0) who are we? Dr. Norman M. Sadeh, Research Scientist and Co-Director, Intelligent Coordination and Logistics Laboratory, The Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University sadeh@cs.cmu.edu Dr. Stephen F. Smith, Senior Research Scientist and Director, Intelligent Coordination and Logistics Laboratory, The Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University sadeh@cs.cmu.edu 1) a 150- to 200-word abstract of your work and how it is relevant to the areas listed below; For the past several years, our laboratory has been involved in the development of innovative production planning, scheduling and control technologies, which we generically refer to as "Knowledge-Based Production Management" techniques. Key distinguishing characteristics of these new techniques include: - Finite capacity scheduling models that optimize production objectives while accounting for the full complexity of the production environment, enabling more realistic planning (e.g., inventory management, order promising, integration with process planning, etc.), and improved manufacturing performance, - Incremental techniques that support rapid revision of production schedules, enabling efficient response to changing circumstances (e.g. changes in demand, machine breakdowns, etc.), integration with real-time control systems, flexible interactive user manipulation of schedules and exploration of alternative scenarios, - Integration of finite capacity scheduling with higher-level planning decisions (e.g. order promising, inventory management, overtime and subcontracting decisions) and implementation of integrated production management strategies. - Promotion of encapuslation and re-use of component services, enabling rapid adaptation to accommodate changing application requirements (e.g. new products/processes, market shifts) and different application environments. - Emphasis on multi-plant coordination and supply chain management issues through development of decision support tools to help enterprises in (1) rapidly establishing efficient supply chains for new products/projects, (2) efficiently coordinating material flows across these chains, and (3) assessing the impact of various supplier/customer agreements. The power of these concepts and techniques has been demonstrated through development of a progression of software systems and extensive comparative performance analyses with conventional state-of-the-art techniques. Various software systems and tools resulting from this research have been transferred or are being transferred to various industrial organizations, including Westinghouse, Intel, IBM, Mitsubishi, GE, McDonnell Douglas, Raytheon and United Technologies, and many other scheduling systems now in commercial and government use are directly based on our techniques. Our laboratory is currently working on several major virtual/agile manufacturing efforts, including an Agile Manufacturing Initiative project aimed at developing an integrated process planning/production scheduling shell in collaboration with Raytheon and under ARPA sponsorship. Applications of these technologies in virtual manufacturing include: 1. VISUALIZATION: Visualization concerns are an integral part of our work in planning and coordination technologies for virtual manufacturing. This includes development of innovative visualization technologies to support mixed-initiative planning and scheduling functionalities (e.g. visualization of inefficiencies or opportunities for improvement in an existing production schedule, visual evaluation of schedules along multiple dimensions), visualization of different schedule execution modes under different sources of executional uncertainty, and tools to visualize supply chain performance under different coordination protocols. 2. ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: A major objective of our work is to develop VM environments that support the rapid development, refinement and dynamic maintenance of high-quality high fidelity production plans and schedules both within single manufacturing facilities as well as across multiple manufacturing entities. 3. MODELING TECHNOLOGIES: A key aspect of our research has been the development of modular/customizable/ re-usable planning and coordination software systems. These concepts are emphasized in our work within the context of the Ditops and Micro-Boss scheduling systems and in our multi-agent modeling and simulation tools for supply chain analysis. 4. REPRESENTATION: related to 3. 5. META-MODELING: We are currently working with Raytheon on the development of an integrated process planning/production scheduling shell for agile manufacturing. Two important aspects of this work include compatibility with existing standards (e.g. STEP) and support for integration with legacy systems. 6. INTEGRATING INFRASTRUCTURE & ARCHITECTURE: *Development of a blackboard architecture to support integration of of process planning and production scheduling. This includes work to support coordination with other sites within the supply chain (e.g. order promising, re-ordering decisions, etc.) *Supply Chain Modeling and Analysis: development of muti-agent modeling and simulation tools to help companies compare alternative supply chain configurations, evaluate the impact of different partnership agreements and different coordination policies. 7. SIMULATION: *Simulation of shop floor operations under different sources of uncertainty (e.g. machine breakdowns, dynamic order arrivals, etc.). Simulation complements our finite capacity scheduling technologies and provides support for what-if evaluation of different strategic, tactical and operational alternatives (e.g. different supply agreements, overtime alternatives, different schedule execution policies, etc.) *Simulation is also a central component of our work in supply chain modeling and analysis where it is used to evaluate the impact of (1) different supply chain configurations, (2) different buyer-supplier agreements and (3) different coordination protocols (e.g. quick response protocols), on the performance of the overall supply chain as well as on the performance of individual entities within the supply chain. 8. METHODOLOGY: Our work in planning and coordination combines a number of methodologies and problem solving paradigms. Our lab has developed a number of (opportunistic) constraint-directed scheduling search procedures to support rapid development and dynamic revision of high quality production schedules. We have developed blackboard-based architectures to support integration of multiple heuristics and/or systems, enabling solution development and revision from multiple problem-solving perspectives. We have developed innovative optimization techniques including adaptive simulated annealing procedures. We are developing multi-agent modeling and simulation technologies for supply chain analysis, etc. 9. INTEGRATION OF LEGACY DATA: Our work in integrated process planning and production scheduling: See above 10. MANUFACTURING CHARACTERIZATION: See above 11. VERIFICATION, VALIDATION & MEASUREMENT: 12. WORKFLOW: Our work in supply chain analysis includes comparison of different supply chain coordination protocols. 13. CROSS-FUNCTIONAL TRADES: e.g. our work in integrated process planning/production scheduling 2) a list of relevant references; Nakakuki, Yoichiro, and Norman Sadeh. Increasing the Efficiency of Simulated Annealing Search by Learning to Recognize (Un)Promising Runs. Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-94), 1994, pp. 1316-1322. Norman Sadeh. Micro-Opportunistic Scheduling: The Micro-Boss Factory Scheduler. In Intelligent Scheduling, Morgan Kaufmann, 1994, Chap. 4. Norman M. Sadeh. Micro-Boss: Towards a New Generation of Manufacturing Scheduling Shells. Proceedings of the ARPA/Rome Laboratory Knowledge-Based Planning and Scheduling Initiative, Tucson, AZ, Februrary, 1994, pp. 191-203. Norman M. Sadeh, Tom Laliberty, Stephen F. Smith and Robert Bryant. An Integrated Process Planning/Production Scheduling Shell for Agile Manufacturing. Working Paper. The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon Univertsity, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3891. Sadeh, Norman, and Yoichiro Nakakuki. "Focused Simulated Annealing Search: An Application to Job Shop Scheduling". Annals of Operations Research (1995). To appear in issue on 'Metaheuristics in Combinatorial Optimization.'. Smith, S.F., and N.M. Sadeh. Knowledge-based Production Management. . Tutorial SP4 - Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-92). Katia Sycara, Stephen Roth, Norman Sadeh, and Mark S. Fox. "Resource Allocation in Distributed Factory Scheduling". IEEE EXPERT 6, 1 (February 1991), 29-40. Swaminathan, J., N.M. Sadeh, and S.F. Smith. Impact of Supplier Information on Supply Chain Performance. Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213., 1994. Swaminathan, J., S.F. Smith and N.M. Sadeh. Modeling the Dynamics of Supply Chains. Proceedings of the AAAI-94 SIGMAN Workshop, Seattle, WA, August, 1994, pp. 113-122. 3) The URL address for our lab's WWW home page is: http://cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/ozone/www/icllab.html